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- Creator:
- Cao, Yinyin, Lawson, Benn, and Pil, Frits K.
- Description:
- As part of a larger research study on social sustainability and human rights, this research examines the supplier codes of conduct lead firms adopt to achieve their social supply chain sustainability goals.
- Keyword:
- social sustainability, human rights, and supplier codes of conduct
- Citation to related publication:
- Cao, Y., Lawson, B., & Pil, F. K. (2023). Social sustainability and human rights in global supply chains, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-10-2022-0670.
- Discipline:
- Business
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Rupp, Jonathan D., Klein, Katelyn F., and Reed, Matthew P.
- Description:
- The files include an Excel file with the x-, y-, and z- coordinates that make up the nodal coordinates for a surface model of small (5th percentle) female pelvis geometry, the finite element model (.k file) that represents the nodal coordinates, and two surface files that represent the geometry (.obj and .ply).
- Citation to related publication:
- Katelyn F. Klein, Matthew P. Reed, and Jonathan D. Rupp. "Development of Geometric Specifications for the Pelvis of a Small Female Anthropomorphic Test Device." IRCOBI Conference 2016, IRC-16-79. http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc16/pdf-files/79.pdf
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Zalta, Alyson K., Vanderboll, Kathryn, Dent, Amy L., Contreras, Isaias M., Malek, Nadia, Lascano, Xrystyan N., Zellner, Kelly L., Grandhi, Jyotsna, Araujo, Precious J., Straka, Kelci, Liang, Cathy Z., Czarny, Jordyn E., Martinez, Jazmin, and Burgess, Helen J.
- Description:
- An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to examine 1) the degree to which bedtime, wake time, and chronotype correlate with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity among individuals diagnosed with PTSD, 2) the standardized mean difference in bedtime, wake time, and chronotype for those with and without a PTSD diagnosis, and 3) moderators of these relationships. This deposit includes the full dataset used for data analyses. No proprietary software is required to open any of these files.
- Keyword:
- Psychology, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Sleep Timing, Chronotype, and Meta-Analysis
- Citation to related publication:
- Zalta, A. K., Vanderboll, K., Dent, A. L., Contreras, I. M., Malek, N., Lascano, X. N., Zellner, K. L., Grandhi, J., Araujo, P. J., Straka, K., Liang, C. Z., Czarny, J. E., Martinez, J., & Burgess, H. J. (2023). Sleep timing, chronotype, and posttraumatic stress disorder: An individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychiatry research, 321, 115061. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115061
- Discipline:
- Health Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Hung, Adam, Enninful Adu, Challen, and Moore, Talia Y.
- Description:
- The CAD files can be opened by any CAD software. The code is in Arduino and Python. The URDF was generated using Solidworks.
- Keyword:
- robotics, omnidirectional, tripod, ballbot, gliding, and rolling
- Citation to related publication:
- Hung, A., Enninful Adu, C., Moore, T.Y. (in review), SKOOTR: A SKating, Omni-Oriented, Tripedal Robot for dynamically stable indoor navigation. IEEE ICRA
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Brian C. Weeks
- Description:
- Description: Each folder contains all of the data for a specific specimen; the folder names correspond to the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology catalog number for the specimen. Folders with a “-“ in the name are individual specimens that were photographed multiple independent times; the number following the “-“ indicates the repetition number (i.e. the folder named “UMMZ_242382-10” contains the tenth set of photographs for specimen UMMZ 242382). The photographs are necessary to train and test the Skelevision model, which is a computer vision approach to identifying and measuring elements of the skeleton (length of the tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, femur, humerus, ulna, radius, carpometacarpus, 2nd digit 1st phalanx, skull, and keel; the outer diameter of the sclerotic ring at its widest point; and the distance from the back of the skull to the tip of the bill). The data span 115 species of passerines across 79 genera from 59 families.
- Keyword:
- Bird skeleton, neural network, and functional traits
- Citation to related publication:
- Weeks, B.C., Zhou, Z., O’Brien, B., Darling, R., Dean, M., Dias, T., Hassena, G., Zhang, M., and Fouhey, D.F. 2022. A deep neural network for high throughput measurement of functional traits on museum skeletal specimens. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13864
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Surajit Chatterjee, Adrien Chauvier, Shiba S. Dandpat, Irina Artsimovitch, and Nils G. Walter
- Description:
- These data were generated to study the dynamics of RNAP-ribosome interactions on a nascent mRNA with a preQ1-sensing translational riboswitch in its 5’ untranslated region (UTR). Using single-molecule fluorescence co-localization, we monitored direct transient binding of 30S ribosomal subunit to the individual nascent mRNA molecules in surface-immobilized paused elongation complexes (PECs). Also, using a novel protein-induced fluorescence enhancement assay we monitored the real-time transcription rate of RNA polymerase (RNAP) under different experimental conditions. The DNA template including the preQ1 riboswitch from B. anthracis under the control of the T7A1 promoter was cloned into pUC19 plasmid. Transcription templates for in vitro transcription were generated by PCR.
- Citation to related publication:
- Chatterjee, S., Chauvier, A., Dandpat, S.S., Artsimovitch, I., & Walter, N.G. (2021). A translational riboswitch coordinates nascent transcription-translation coupling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 118 (16), e2023426118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023426118
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Hayward, Stephen L. , Lund, Paul E., Kang, Qing, Johnson-Buck, Alexander , Tewari, Muneesh, and Walter, Nils G.
- Description:
- This work contains the experimental data and associated analysis that are described in the research publication entitled "Ultra-specific and Amplification-free Quantification of Mutant DNA by Single-molecule Kinetic Fingerprinting". This work contains multiple zip files, each of which represents one of the principal experiment groups presented in the publication. Each experiment group contains movie and analysis files corresponding to various experimental conditions related to that experiment group.
- Keyword:
- Single Molecule Fluorescence, Super-Resolution Microscopy, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, T790M Mutation, Cytosine Deamination, SiMREPS, and single molecule kinetic fingerprinting
- Citation to related publication:
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.8b06685
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Hou, Qian, Chatterjee, Surajit, Lund, Paul E., Suddala, Krishna C., and Walter, Nils G.
- Description:
- Bacteria live in a broad range of environmental temperatures that require adaptations of their RNA sequences to maintain function. Riboswitches are regulatory RNAs that change conformation upon binding of typical metabolite ligands to control bacterial gene expression. The paradigmatic small class-I preQ1 riboswitches from the mesophile Bacillus subtilis (Bsu) and the thermophile Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (Tte) adopt similar pseudoknot structures when bound to preQ1. Here, we use single-molecule detected chemical denaturation by urea to compare the thermodynamic and kinetic folding properties of the two riboswitches, and the urea-countering effects of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). This data includes the experimental findings and associated analyses detailed in the research article titled "Single-molecule FRET observes opposing effects of urea and TMAO on structurally similar meso- and thermophilic riboswitch RNAs". The data consists of multiple zip files, each representing an experiment that corresponds to the key results in the publication. Each experiment includes movies, qualifying smFRET trajectories, and analysis files related to various conditions within that experimental group.
- Keyword:
- Riboswitch, Single molecule FRET, RNA folding, UV-melting, Osmolyte, Urea, and Trimethylamine N-oxide
- Citation to related publication:
- https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkad866
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Yadav, Rajeev, Widom, Julia R, Chauvier, Adrien, and Walter, Nils G
- Description:
- These data were generated to study the conformational dynamic of fluoride riboswitch as an isolated RNA and in presence of RNA polymerase at different transcript lengths.
- Keyword:
- Fluoride riboswitch, smFRET, and conformational dynamics
- Citation to related publication:
- Yadav, R., Widom, J.R., Chauvier, A. et al. An anionic ligand snap-locks a long-range interaction in a magnesium-folded riboswitch. Nat Commun 13, 207 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27827-y
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ray, Sujay
- Description:
- Single molecule data and analysis code for Figure4 in the paper titled: "A rhythmically pulsing leaf-spring DNA-origami nanoengine that drives a passive follower". Follow the readme file for deiails.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Larson, Ronald G., Wen, Fei, Huang, Wenjun, and Huang, Ming
- Description:
- We provide the parameters used in Umbrella Sampling simulations reported in our study "Efficient Estimation of Binding Free Energies between Peptides and an MHC Class II Molecule Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations with a Weighted Histogram Analysis Method", namely the set positions and spring constants for each window in simulations. Two tables are provided. Table 1 lists the names of the peptides and their corresponding sequences. Table 2 lists the parameters. The abstract of our work is the following: We estimate the binding free energy between peptides and an MHC class II molecule using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with Weighted Histogram Analysis Method (WHAM). We show that, owing to its more thorough sampling in the available computational time, the binding free energy obtained by pulling the whole peptide using a coarse-grained (CG) force field (MARTINI) is less prone to significant error induced by biased-sampling than using an atomistic force field (AMBER). We further demonstrate that using CG MD to pull 3-4 residue peptide segments while leaving the remain-ing peptide segments in the binding groove and adding up the binding free energies of all peptide segments gives robust binding free energy estimations, which are in good agreement with the experimentally measured binding affinities for the peptide sequences studied. Our approach thus provides a promising and computationally efficient way to rapidly and relia-bly estimate the binding free energy between an arbitrary peptide and an MHC class II molecule.
- Keyword:
- Molecular Dynamics, Binding Free Energy, Protein, MHC, and Coarse-Grained
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Ramasubramani, Vyas
- Description:
- The goal of the work is to elucidate the stability of a complex experimentally observed structure of proteins. We found that supercharged GFP molecules spontaneously assemble into a complex 16-mer structure that we term a protomer, and that under the right conditions an even larger assembly is observed. The protomer structure is very well defined, and we performed simulations to try and understand the mechanics underlying its behavior. In particular, we focused on understanding the role of electrostatics in this system and how varying salt concentrations would alter the stability of the structure, with the ultimate goal of predicting the effects of various mutations on the stability of the structure. There are two separate projects included in this repository, but the two are closely linked. One, the candidate_structures folder, contains the atomistic outputs used to generate coarse-grained configurations. The actual coarse-grained simulations are in the rigid_protein folder, which pulls the atomistic coordinates from the other folder. All data is managed by signac and lives in the workspace directories, which contain various folders corresponding to different parameter combinations. The parameters associated with a given folder are stored in the signac_statepoint.json files within each subdirectory. The atomistic data uses experimentally determined protein structures as a starting point; all of these are stored in the ConfigFiles folder. The primary output is the topology files generated from the PDBs by GROMACS; these topologies are then used to parametrize the Monte Carlo simulations. In some cases, atomistic simulations were actually run as well, and the outputs are stored alongside the topology files. In the rigid_protein folder, the ConfigFiles folder contains MSMS, the software used to generate polyhedral representations of proteins from the PDBs in the candidate_structures folder. All of the actual polyhedral structures are also stored in the ConfigFiles folder. The actual simulation trajectories are stored as general simulation data (GSD) files within each subdirectory of the workspace, along with a single .pos file that contains the shape definition of the (nonconvex) polyhedron used to represent a protein. The logged quantities, such as energies and MC move sizes, are stored in .log files. The logic for the simulations in the candidate_structures project is in the Python scripts project.py, operations.py, and scripts/init.py. The rigid_protein folder also includes the notebooks directory, which contains Jupyter notebooks used to perform analyses, as well as the Python scripts used to actually perform the simulations and manage the data space. In particular, the project.py, operations.py and scripts/init.py scripts contain most of the logic associated with the simulations.
- Keyword:
- Protein assembly, Cryo TEM, Hierarchical Assembly, Monte Carlo simulation, and Coarse-grained simulation
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Payam Mirshams Shahshahani
- Description:
- The two R codes are related to the feasible balance region calculations for Figures 2, 3, and 4 in the paper. The MATLAB codes are related to the simulations of the recoverable initial quasi-static states, the results of which are shown in Figure 5 of the paper.
- Keyword:
- One-legged balance, Biomechanics, Hip Abductor, and Unipedal Stance
- Citation to related publication:
- Shahshahani, P. M., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2020). On the importance of the hip abductors during a clinical one legged balance test: A theoretical study. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0242454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242454
- Discipline:
- Health Sciences and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Zhang, Yingxiao MI and Steiner, Allison MI
- Description:
- In the dataset, "_T" means temperature effects only, without "_T" means temperature and precipitation effects are both considered, "_co2" means CO2 effects are considered on the based of temperature and precipitation effects.
- Keyword:
- pollen emission, climate change, and public health
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Zhang, Yingxiao MI and Steiner, Allison MI
- Description:
- Atmospheric aerosols are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and they play an important role in climate, impacting solar radiation and cloud formation. Compared to other types of aerosol particles, primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP, e.g., fungal spores, bacteria, pollen, virus, etc.) are relatively understudied. However, they are linked to adverse health effects and have the potential to influence ice nucleation at higher temperatures. Anemophilous (or wind-driven) pollen is one of the important PBAP, impacts cloud properties under some conditions, and triggers allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (also known as hay fever) and asthma. Because pollen emission is closely associated with environmental drivers, the climatic change could influence pollen emission and consequently the incidence of allergic disease. Using CMIP6 model data, our research projects continental-scale changes in pollen emissions at the end of the century, considering the effects of temperature, precipitation, CO2, and future vegetation distribution change. While prior studies have evaluated single types of pollen, we use a mechanistic model to comprehensively simulate total pollen across the United States from all sources. Similar to previous single-source pollen studies, our simulations suggest that pollen season duration will lengthen, and pollen emission will increase in the future, but in addition, we identify new synergies between different pollen types that can influence the maximum daily pollen. Our work highlights that the changes of overlap between pollen seasons of different vegetation taxa can magnify or mitigate the impacts of climate change, which addresses the importance to study all pollen emissions comprehensively. Given pollen is one of the most common triggers of seasonal allergies, our findings also provide information to evaluate global health conditions in the future. In this study, all of the pollen emission data are written in NetCDF files.
- Keyword:
- Pollen emission change, Climate change, Public health, Vegetation land cover change, and CO2 effects
- Citation to related publication:
- Zhang, Y. and Steiner, A. “Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States”, under review in Nature Communication, 2022. and yingxz. (2022). steiner-lab/pecm: PECM2.0 (2.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5874177
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Lin, Xin, Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen, Rogers, Brendan M., and Birch, Leah
- Description:
- The data contain the daily-averaged atmospheric concentrations of CO2 tracers in the Northern Hemisphere simulated from a tagged tracer transport model GEOS-Chem v12.0.0. Thirteen land flux regions are defined and tagged in the model to separate their imprints on the long-term atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplification in Northern Hemisphere. A file describing the delineation of these land flux regions is also provided. See the README file for more details on the dataset and model configurations.
- Keyword:
- carbon dioxide, seasonal cycle, amplification, Arctic-boreal, global change, and GEOS-Chem
- Citation to related publication:
- Lin, X., Rogers, B. M., Sweeney, C., Chevallier, F., Arshinov, M., Dlugokencky, E., Machida, T., Sasakawa, M., Tans, P., & Keppel-Aleks, G. (2020). Siberian and temperate ecosystems shape Northern Hemisphere atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(35), 21079–21087.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Basile, Samantha, Lin, Xin, and Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen
- Description:
- Files contain the atmospheric CO2 mole fraction responses to land flux type (HRcasa, HRcorpse, HRmimics) and land flux region (latband variable). Land flux regions are categorized as: Northern Hemisphere high latitudes (NHL; 61 to 90°N), midlatitudes (NML; 24 to 60°N), tropics (NT; 1 to 23°N), Southern Hemisphere tropics (ST; 0 to 23°S), and extratropics (SE; 24 to 90°S). See the README file for how these land flux region definitions relate to the file's latband variable. and To cite dataset: Basile, S., Lin, X., Keppel-Aleks, G. (2019). Simulated CO2 dataset using the atmospheric transport model GEOSChem v12.0.0: Response to regional land carbon fluxes [Data set]. University of Michigan - Deep Blue. https://doi.org/10.7302/xjzc-xy05
- Keyword:
- carbon dioxide, soil heterotrophic respiration, GEOSChem, HR, CO2, CASA-CNP, CORPSE, and MIMICS
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Adler, Jeremy
- Description:
- Data comparing the Simplified Endoscopic Mucosal Assessment for Crohn's Disease (SEMA-CD) from video recordings of colonoscopies to SEMA-CD scoring of their corresponding colonoscopy reports from pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.
- Keyword:
- Crohn's disease and colonoscopy
- Discipline:
- Health Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Limon, Garrett C.
- Description:
- The data represents weekly output from three 60-year CAM6 model runs. The output includes state (.h0. files) and tendency (.h1. files) fields for three difference model configurations of increasing complexity. State fields include temperature, surface pressure, specific humidity, among others; while tendencies include temperature tendencies, specific humidity tendencies, as well as precipitation rates. Using the state variables at a given time step, machine learning techniques can be trained to predict the following tendency field, which can then be applied to the state variables to provide the state at the next physics time step of the model.
- Keyword:
- Machine Learning, Climate Modeling, and Physics Emulation
- Citation to related publication:
- Limon, G. C., Jablonowski, C. (2022) Probing the Skill of Random Forest Emulators for Physical Parameterizations via a Hierarchy of Simple CAM6 Configurations [Preprint]. ESSOAr. https://10.1002/essoar.10512353.1
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Science
-
- Creator:
- Limon, Garrett C.
- Description:
- The work guides the processing of CAM6 data for use in machine learning applications. We also provide workflow scripts for training both random forests and neural networks to emulate physic s schemes from the data, as well as analysis scripts written in both Python and NCL in order to process our results.
- Keyword:
- Machine Learning, Climate Modeling, and Physics Emulation
- Citation to related publication:
- Limon, G. C., Jablonowski, C. (2022) Probing the Skill of Random Forest Emulators for Physical Parameterizations via a Hierarchy of Simple CAM6 Configurations [Pre Print]. ESSOAr. https://10.1002/essoar.10512353.1
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Science
-
- Creator:
- El Shair, Zaid A., Abu-raddaha, Abdalmalek , Cofield, Aaron, Alawneh, Hisham, Aladem, Mohamed, Hamzeh, Yazan, and Rawashdeh, Samir A.
- Description:
- The SID dataset was curated to support advanced research in autonomous driving systems, particularly focusing on perception under adverse weather and lighting conditions. This dataset encompasses over 178k high-resolution stereo image pairs organized into 27 sequences, reflecting a rich variety of conditions such as snow, rain, fog, and low light. It covers dynamic changes in driving scenarios and environmental backgrounds, including university campuses, residential streets, and urban settings. The dataset is designed to challenge perception algorithms with scenarios such as partially obscured camera lenses and varying visibility, promoting the development of robust computer vision models. No specialized software or scripts are necessary for accessing the image data, as the files are provided in standard PNG format. However, researchers and developers may require their image processing and computer vision toolkits to utilize the dataset effectively in their work.
- Keyword:
- Autonomous Driving, Adverse Weather, Stereo Vision, Image Dataset, Computer Vision, and Perception Algorithms
- Citation to related publication:
- El-Shair, Z.A., Abu-raddaha, A., Cofield, A., Alawneh, H., Aladem, M., Hamzeh, Y., and Rawashdeh, S.A., 2024. SID: Stereo Image Dataset for Autonomous Driving in Adverse Conditions. In 2024 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON). IEEE. In press.
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- Melashvilebisgora or Melashvilebis Ubani is located south of the modern settlement of Shuamta and is oriented roughly north-south. On top of the hill stands a middle-late Mediaeval fortress of mortared rubble masonry (mainly cobblestones set in hard white mortar), large pieces of which have fallen down the slopes of the hill. Most of the visible masses of masonry appear to have fallen into their current position rather than have remained in situ. The structure measures approximately 20 m by 15 m. The fortress was strategically located to exploit clear sightlines over the Qumuri River and upstream to the hills and beyond to Vani.
- Keyword:
- Fortification, Mediaeval, and 16th-17th century CE
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological knowledge of Shuamta dates to the late 1970's. Formal archaeological work in the form of surveys took place in 1981 and 1986. No further work has been done in the area., Beradze, T. 1977. Vanis raionis istoriuli geograpiidan [From the historical geography of the Vani district]. Vani III. Tbilisi. pp. 238-40. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.), Gamqrelidze, G. 1982. Tsentraluri kolkhetis dzveli namosakhlarebi [Ancient settlements of Central Colchis]. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with summaries in Russian and English.), Kacharava, D. 1983. Mokhatuli, shavlakiani da sada keramika. Vani VII. Tbilisi. pp. 26-51, p. 29. (In Georgian.), Kvirkvelia, G. 1990. La Région de Vani aux VIIIème – Vème Siècles. In Le Pont-Euxin Vu Par les Grecs, Sources Écrites et Archéologique, Symposium de Vani (Colchide), Septembre-Octobre 1987, Otar Lordkipanidze et Pierre Lévêque, ed. Tea Khartchilava et Evelyne Geny, pp. 253-56. Centre de Recherches d’Histoire Ancienne, Vol. 100. Paris: Annales Littéraires de l’Université de Besançon., Kvirkvelia, G. T. 1990. Vanskii region v VII-V vv. do n. e. [The Vani Region in the 7th-5th cent. B.C.] Prichernomorye v VII-V vv. do n. e. Pismennye istochniki i arkheologiya. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po drevnei istorii Prichernomorya. Vani – 1987 [The Black Sea littoral in the 7th-5th centuries B.C. Literary sources and archaeology (Problem of authenticity). Materials of the 5th International symposium dedicated to the problems of the ancient history of the Black Sea littoral. Vani – 1987]. Tbilisi. p. 280. (In Russian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.). (Archaeological Map of the Vani Land, 8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD). Tsardgenilia Doqt’oris Ak’ademiuri Khariskhis Mosap’oveblad. Saqartvelos T’eqnik’uri Universit’et’i. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqt’emberi. p. 42-43, Plate XXXII. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- Melashvilebisgora or Melashvilebis Ubani is located south of the modern settlement of Shuamta and is oriented roughly north south. Pottery was noted both during previous survey work and during the present investigation over all sides of the hill, suggesting that it was the site of an extensive settlement. In particular, ploughed agricultural fields on the west slope of the hill yielded a rich assemblage of pottery, including an Early Bronze Age tubular jug and miscellaneous sherds dating from the Iron Age through the Late Hellenistic period, burnt mud plaster, fragments of flint and obsidian, a bronze bracelet, and glass fragments, including one fragment of a glass bracelet. On the east slope of the hill, large fragments of burnt mud plaster were noted together with a Colchian pan tile fragment of the Hellenistic period. In 2009 the survey project investigated the area using two methods of geophysical prospection, electrical resistivity and magnetic survey. In 2010 excavations were carried out to investigate anomalies detected by geophysical prospection. A series of four trenches revealed significant concentrations of pottery and burnt daub from wattle-and-daub structures, in three cases associated with pit features. One of these, a circular pit approximately 2 m wide and 60 cm deep is too small to have been used for habitation, and was perhaps a dugout storage feature or waste pit of some kind, partly subterranean, partly rising above grade on wattle and daub walls. Another, 1.5 m wide and at least 2.5 m long, may have belonged to a dugout house. Alternatively, these features may be quarry pits resulting from the collection of clay-rich soils appropriate for constructing the kind of wattle-and-daub structures that are found here and at sites throughout the region. These quarry pits would then have been filled with waste materials such as burnt mud plasters during the occupation of the site. With the exception of one trench that contained some debris that had apparently washed down from later habitation at a higher elevation, the small finds from these excavations were exclusively Iron Age in date, including three terracotta animal figurines.
- Keyword:
- Early Hellenistic, Iron Age, Classical, Late Hellenistic, Settlement, and Early Bronze Age
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological knowledge of Shuamta dates to the late 1970's. Formal archaeological work in the form of surveys took place in 1981 and 1986. No further work has been done in the area., Beradze, T. 1977. Vanis raionis istoriuli geograpiidan [From the historical geography of the Vani district]. Vani III. Tbilisi. pp. 238-40. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.) , Gamqrelidze, G. 1982. Tsentraluri kolkhetis dzveli namosakhlarebi [Ancient settlements of Central Colchis]. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with summaries in Russian and English.), Kacharava, D. 1983. Mokhatuli, shavlakiani da sada keramika. Vani VII. Tbilisi. pp. 26-51, p. 29. (In Georgian.) , Kvirkvelia, G. 1990. La Région de Vani aux VIIIème – Vème Siècles. In Le Pont-Euxin Vu Par les Grecs, Sources Écrites et Archéologique, Symposium de Vani (Colchide), Septembre-Octobre 1987, Otar Lordkipanidze et Pierre Lévêque, ed. Tea Khartchilava et Evelyne Geny, pp. 253-56. Centre de Recherches d’Histoire Ancienne, Vol. 100. Paris: Annales Littéraires de l’Université de Besançon. , Kvirkvelia, G. T. 1990. Vanskii region v VII-V vv. do n. e. [The Vani Region in the 7th-5th cent. B.C.] Prichernomorye v VII-V vv. do n. e. Pismennye istochniki i arkheologiya. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po drevnei istorii Prichernomorya. Vani – 1987 [The Black Sea littoral in the 7th-5th centuries B.C. Literary sources and archaeology (Problem of authenticity). Materials of the 5th International symposium dedicated to the problems of the ancient history of the Black Sea littoral. Vani – 1987]. Tbilisi. p. 280. (In Russian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.). (Archaeological Map of the Vani Land, 8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD). Tsardgenilia Doqt’oris Ak’ademiuri Khariskhis Mosap’oveblad. Saqartvelos T’eqnik’uri Universit’et’i. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqt’emberi. p. 42-43, Plate XXXII. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- The modern settlement of Shuamta lies 5 km west of Vani at the point where the main east-west road south of the Phasis River crosses the Qumuri, a major tributary of the Phasis. The village is located in the Vani administrative district. Our investigations centered on a hill south of the village center, overlooking the left (west) bank of the Qumuri River. The hill is named Melashvilebisgora or Melashvilebis Ubani and is oriented roughly north-south. We approached the hill by driving south around its west side, stopping at a ploughed field very rich in pottery (A033). We then walked to the top of the hill from this field. On the highest point rests a Mediaeval fortress built of mortared rubble masonry, large chunks of which have fallen down the surrounding slopes (A034). Pottery was noted during both previous survey work and during the present investigation over all sides of the hill, suggesting that it was the site of an extensive settlement. Of special note was a fragment of a 6th-century B.C. Chiote chalice.
- Keyword:
- Modern Settlement
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological knowledge of Shuamta dates to the late 1970's. Formal archaeological work in the form of surveys took place in 1981 and 1986. No further work has been done in the area., Beradze, T. 1977. Vanis raionis istoriuli geograpiidan [From the historical geography of the Vani district]. Vani III. Tbilisi. pp. 238-40. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.) , Gamqrelidze, G. 1982. Tsentraluri kolkhetis dzveli namosakhlarebi [Ancient settlements of Central Colchis]. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with summaries in Russian and English.), Kacharava, D. 1983. Mokhatuli, shavlakiani da sada keramika. Vani VII. Tbilisi. pp. 26-51, p. 29. (In Georgian.), Kvirkvelia, G. 1990. La Région de Vani aux VIIIème – Vème Siècles. In Le Pont-Euxin Vu Par les Grecs, Sources Écrites et Archéologique, Symposium de Vani (Colchide), Septembre-Octobre 1987, Otar Lordkipanidze et Pierre Lévêque, ed. Tea Khartchilava et Evelyne Geny, pp. 253-56. Centre de Recherches d’Histoire Ancienne, Vol. 100. Paris: Annales Littéraires de l’Université de Besançon., Kvirkvelia, G. T. 1990. Vanskii region v VII-V vv. do n. e. [The Vani Region in the 7th-5th cent. B.C.] Prichernomorye v VII-V vv. do n. e. Pismennye istochniki i arkheologiya. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po drevnei istorii Prichernomorya. Vani – 1987 [The Black Sea littoral in the 7th-5th centuries B.C. Literary sources and archaeology (Problem of authenticity). Materials of the 5th International symposium dedicated to the problems of the ancient history of the Black Sea littoral. Vani – 1987]. Tbilisi. p. 280. (In Russian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.). (Archaeological Map of the Vani Land, 8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD). Tsardgenilia Doqt’oris Ak’ademiuri Khariskhis Mosap’oveblad. Saqartvelos T’eqnik’uri Universit’et’i. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqt’emberi. p. 42-43, Plate XXXII. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Lin, Austin J, Lei, Shunbo, Keskar, Aditya, Hiskens, Ian A, Johnson, Jeremiah X , Mathieu, Johanna L, Kennedy, Tim, DeMink, Scott, Morgan, Kevin, Flynn, Connor, Giessner, Paul, Anderson, David, Dongmo, Jordan, Afshari, Sina, Li, Han, and Ceilsinki, Andrew
- Description:
- This is a subset of the SHIFDR dataset collection containing data from 14 buildings in Southeast Michigan. The full dataset collection can be found at https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/data/collections/vh53ww273?locale=en and Organization: We include a subfolder for each building, identified by name. All buildings have been renamed after lakes to protect the identity of the building. Within each building subfolder, there is fan power (i.e. current measurements from which fan power can be computed), building automation system (BAS), whole building electrical load (WBEL), and voltage data collected over the course of our experimentation from 2017 to 2021. All experiments were conducted in the summer months and a full schedule of Demand Response (DR) events is included along with each building in the ‘Event_Schedule.csv’ file. The building information file contains general information about the buildings, pertinent to the experiments we conducted. There is also a folder labeled ‘2021 Preprocessed data’ which contains combined BAS and fan power data from the summer of 2021. This data has been lightly processed to calculate fan power from current measurements and interpolate BAS data to 1 minute intervals. These act as an easy-to-use starting point for data analysis.
- Citation to related publication:
- A.J. Lin, S. Lei, A. Keskar, I.A. Hiskens, J.X. Johnson, and J.L. Mathieu. “The Sub-metered HVAC Implemented For Demand Response (SHIFDR) Dataset,” Submitted, 2023.
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset contains images of dissected and fixed retinae in which cones of specific subtypes are labeled either by transgenic expression of a fluorescent reporter or by antibody staining (Figures 1 and 2 and 6A and Supplementary Figure 7A). This dataset also contains images of dissected and fixed retinae in ZO1 is immunostained (Figure 6C-E and Supplementary Figure 7B). Please see the readme file for which files correspond to which figures.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, topological defects, and tissue patterning
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Kim, Yongsung, Cheng, Weiqiu, Cho, Chun-Seok, Kang, Hyun Min, and Lee, Jun Hee
- Description:
- This dataset contains a typical example of Seq-Scope dataset that investigators would generate after examining the initial sequence data. If the quality of the initial Seq-Scope dataset looks great, one may decide to sequence the library much more deeply to maximize the information content. (see NovaScope tutorial at https://seqscope.github.io/NovaScope/ for more details). The spatial barcode sequences and the initial version of the sequenced cDNA library are deposited separate repository, which is described in the NovaScope documentation ( https://seqscope.github.io/NovaScope/). This data repository contains a deeper sequencing of the same library. A shallower version of sequencing, which does not have overlapping data with the current repository can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10840695
- Keyword:
- Seq-Scope, Spatial Transcriptomics
- Citation to related publication:
- Yongsung Kim, Weiqiu Cheng, Chun-Seok Cho, Yongha Hwang, Yichen Si, Anna Park, Mitchell Schrank, Jer-En Hsu, Jingyue Xi, Myungjin Kim, Ellen Pedersen, Olivia I. Koues, Thomas Wilson, Goo Jun, Hyun Min Kang2, Jun Hee Lee, “Seq-Scope Protocol: Repurposing Illumina Sequencing Flow Cells for High-Resolution Spatial Transcriptomics” (submitted)
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Hsu, Jer-En, Cho, Chun-Seok, Kim, Myungjin, Xi, Jingyue, and Lee, Jun Hee
- Description:
- There are three experimental outputs from Seq-Scope. (1) High definition map coordinate identifier (HDMI) sequence, tile and spatial coordinate information from 1st-Seq, (2) HDMI sequence, coupled with cDNA sequence from 2nd-Seq, and (3) Histological image obtained from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the tissue slice. (1) and (2) were uploaded to GEO ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE186601). (3) is deposited here. In addition, this deposit includes the processed RDS (single R object) data files.
- Citation to related publication:
- Do TH, Ma F, Andrade PR, Teles R, de Andrade Silva BJ, Hu C, Espinoza A, Hsu JE, Cho CS, Kim M, Xi J, Xing X, Plazyo O, Tsoi LC, Cheng C, Kim J, Bryson BD, O'Neill AM, Colonna M, Gudjonsson JE, Klechevsky E, Lee JH, Gallo RL, Bloom BR, Pellegrini M, Modlin RL. TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions. Sci Immunol. 2022 Jul 22;7(73):eabo2787. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2787. Epub 2022 Jul 22. PMID: 35867799; PMCID: PMC9400695.
- Discipline:
- Health Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Chun-Seok Cho, Jingyue Xi, Hyun Min Kang, and Jun Hee Lee
- Description:
- There are three experimental outputs from Seq-Scope. (1) High definition map coordinate identifier (HDMI) sequence, tile and spatial coordinate information from 1st-Seq, (2) HDMI sequence, coupled with cDNA sequence from 2nd-Seq, and (3) Histological image obtained from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the tissue slice. (1) and (2) were uploaded to GEO ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE169706). (3) is deposited here. In addition, this deposit includes the processed RDS (single R object) data files.
- Keyword:
- Seq-Scope, scRNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics
- Citation to related publication:
- Chun-Seok Cho, Jingyue Xi, Sung-Rye Park, Jer-En Hsu, Myungjin Kim, Goo Jun, Hyun-Min Kang, Jun Hee Lee “Seq-Scope: Submicrometer-resolution spatial transcriptomics for single cell and subcellular studies” (preprint) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.25.427807 and Related data sets in NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository: Cho C, Xi J, Si Y, Lee JH, Kang HM, Park S, Hsu J, Kim M, Jun G “Seq-Scope: Submicrometer-resolution spatial barcoding technology that enables microscopic examination of tissue transcriptome at single cell and subcellular levels” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE169706
- Discipline:
- Health Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Regoli, Leonardo H.
- Description:
- The research analyzed the response of nine PNI RM3100 magnetometers to radiation doses expected during a Europa lander mission. The radiation levels are drawn from the Europa Lander Science Definition Team report ( https://europa.nasa.gov/resources/58/europa-lander-study-2016-report). The sensors were tested up to a total ionization dose (TID) level of 500 kRad.
- Keyword:
- Magnetometer, Magneto-inductive, Europa, and Radiation
- Citation to related publication:
- Regoli, L. H., Moldwin, M. B., Raines, C., Nordheim, T. A., Miller, C. A., Carts, M., and Pozzi, S. A.: Radiation tolerance of the PNI RM3100 magnetometer for a Europa lander mission, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 499–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-499-2020, 2020.
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Huber, Daniel E
- Description:
- The files here provide monthly averaged soil NOx emissions (units of ng N m^-2 s^-1) for the contiguous United States on a 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree grid for the years 2011-2020 .
- Keyword:
- soil NOx, soil emissions, biogenic emissions, and agricultural emissions
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Grosky, William I. and Ruas, Terry L.
- Description:
- This dataset was used for a proof-of-concept of fixed lexical chain approach for semantic information retrieval.
- Keyword:
- fixed lexical chains
- Citation to related publication:
- Ruas, T. L., & Grosky, W. I. (2017). Exploring and expanding the use of lexical chains in information retrieval. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. Retrieved from the Deep Blue institutional repository website: http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/2027.42/136659
- Discipline:
- Engineering
-
- Creator:
- James, David A. and Lokam, Nikhil
- Description:
- The object of this project is to provide researchers and students with a tool to allow them to develop an intuitive understanding of singular vectors and singular values. 2x2 matrices A with real entries map circles to ellipses; in particular, unit circles centered at the origin to ellipses centered at the origin. It is known that the points on the ellipse farthest from the origin correspond to the singular vectors of A. Users can use the GUI to enter matrices of their choice and explore to visually self-determine the singular vectors/values.
- Keyword:
- SVD, Singular Value Decomposition, Singular Vector, Singular Value, and Matrix
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Huang, Yihe (University of Michigan); De Barros, Louis (Université Côte d’Azur)
- Description:
- Numerous small and moderate injection-induced earthquakes have been recorded in North America, Europe and Asia. Here we present a detailed analysis about microearthquakes in an in-situ injection-induced earthquake experiment, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of induced earthquakes. Our analysis illuminates meter-scale earthquake sources distributed in a network of preexisting rock fractures. The majority of induced earthquakes in our analysis happened when injection pressure reached a peak, indicating a direct response of rock fractures to fluid pressure perturbation. But the relatively low ratio of stress drop to crustal strength reveals that a very small fraction of the crustal shear strength is released by earthquakes, supporting the previous notion that fluid injection induces large aseismic deformation during the experiment. and Citation for dataset: Huang, Y., De Barros, L. (2019). Seismograms of earthquake pairs in the injection experiment [Data set]. University of Michigan - Deep Blue.
- Keyword:
- Induced seismicity
- Citation to related publication:
- Huang, Y., De Barros, L., Cappa, F. (2019). Illuminating the Rupturing of Microseismic Sources in an Injection‐Induced Earthquake Experiment. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(16), 9563-9572. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083856
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Tye, Alexander R, Niemi, Nathan A, Safarov, Rafig T, Kadirov, Fakhraddin A, Babayev, Gulam R
- Description:
- The dataset contains U-Pb radiometric ages of zircon grains from sedimentary rocks and modern river sands from the Caucasus region of western Asia. The data were collected as part of a research project investigating the effects of continental collision in the Caucasus region on regional erosion and sedimentary systems. The data are presented using the standard quantities reported for zircon U-Pb age analyses at the University of Arizona Laserchron Center.
- Keyword:
- detrital zircon, provenance, and U-Pb
- Citation to related publication:
- Tye, A. R., Niemi, N. A., Safarov, R. T., Kadirov, F. A., & Babayev, G. R. (2021). Sedimentary response to a collision orogeny recorded in detrital zircon provenance of Greater Caucasus foreland basin sediments. Basin Research, 33(2), 933–967. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12499
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ingrid L. Hendy and Yi Wang
- Description:
- This dataset includes scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data for the core SPR0901-04BC (34.2816°N, 120.0415°W, 588 m water depth). SPR0901-04BC was collected by the research vessel R/V Sproul off Southern California in 2009.1. This research is funded by NSF OCE-0752093.
- Keyword:
- scanning X-ray fluorescence, XRF, Santa Barbara Basin, and SPR0901-04BC
- Citation to related publication:
- "Recover MT Receivers offshore Morro Bay/Deploy and Recover EM Sensor in the San Diego Trough." Cruise ID: SP0901. 2009. Accessible at Rolling Deck to Repository at https://doi.org/10.7284/901085
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ingrid L. Hendy and Yi Wang
- Description:
- This dataset includes scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data for the core SPR0901-03KC (34.2832°N, 120.0401°W, 586 m water depth). SPR0901-03KC was collected by the research vessel R/V Sproul off Southern California in 2009.1. The research is funded by NSF OCE-0752093.
- Keyword:
- scanning X-ray fluorescence, XRF, Santa Barbara Basin, and SPR0901-03KC
- Citation to related publication:
- "Recover MT Receivers offshore Morro Bay/Deploy and Recover EM Sensor in the San Diego Trough." Cruise ID: SP0901. 2009. Accessible at Rolling Deck to Repository at https://doi.org/10.7284/901085
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ingrid L. Hendy and Yi Wang
- Description:
- This dataset includes scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data for the core MV0811-14JC (34.2818°N 120.0360°W, water depth: 582 m), which was collected by the research vessel R/V Melville off Southern California in 2008.11. The research is funded by NSF OCE-1304327.
- Keyword:
- scanning X-ray fluorescence, XRF, Santa Barbara Basin, and MV0811-14JC
- Citation to related publication:
- "BOLT Expedition, Leg 2/A Test for Extending the High-Resolution Climate Record Back to 1.2 Ma." Cruise ID: BOLT02MV. 2008. Accessible at Rolling Deck to Repository at https://doi.org/10.7284/903459
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- Saqanchia is a level area on the northeastern outskirts of Vani, at the edge of the Phasis River plain (ca. 2 km north of the archaeological site). A substantial settlement was discovered here in the 1970s. Excavations supervised by V. Licheli revealed cobblestone foundations marking the complete outlines of two small buildings and the partial outlines of several others, local and imported ceramics, and terracotta figurines, all of which date the occupation of the area to the Hellenistic period. Saqanchia is currently a mixed use area, combining pasture land, holding ponds, small agricultural plots, a cemetery, and a number of Soviet-era industrial buildings, now mostly derelict with the exception of one operating saw mill. The derelict industrial buildings include a factory used for the production of sewing-machine parts, abandoned playing fields, likely associated with the factory, and two large greenhouses. The greenhouses were once supplied with natural hot sulphuric water, which still flows out of one operating spout in the area. In 2009 the survey project investigated the area using two methods of geophysical prospection, electrical resistivity and magnetic survey. In 2010 excavations were carried out in three trenches to investigate anomalies detected by geophysical prospection and to test the stratigraphy in the area of the excavations conducted by Licheli. In all cases, extensive modern disturbance had removed any stratified remains of earlier occupation, but large quantities of unstratified Hellenistic pottery and tile fragments were recovered. One well-preserved building, excavated in 1975-1976 and identified by the excavator as a complex comprised of two “dwelling-houses” (165 sq. m.), a “service-house” (32.86 sq. m), and a yard (346.5 sq m), may be described in detail. This structure is oblong in outline and oriented roughly north-south. Its exterior dimensions are 16.5 m x 10 m; both the exterior and the interior walls are 0.8 m wide. The “dwelling-house” portion of the building is divided into four rooms, symmetrically disposed across a central north-south wall. On the basis of the cobblestone foundations and tile fall, the excavator reconstructed a wattle and daub structure with timber framework and double-pitched roof of terracotta tiles sloping down in two directions from the central north-south wall. An additional suite of three rooms was attached to the north end of the four-room structure; the excavator called this a “service-house.” These rooms included two similar rooms, 3.5 x 3.4 m, 2.7 x 3.4 m, and a narrow room. 6.2 x 1.8 m. Between the “dwelling-house” and “service house,” the team excavated a garbage pit, 2.5 x 3 x 1 m deep, completely filled during the time the building complex was in use, with 3rd to mid-2nd century materials at the bottom. A pithos was found in the yard of the “dwelling-house,” 1.3 m deep, and a ditch was discovered in same area (3.7 m long, 0.7 m wide, and 0.3 deep) running in an east-west direction, turning to the north for a distance of 1.8 m, then a hard turn to the west for a length of 2.4 m long, when it was 0.8 m wide and 0.2 m deep. Traces of an earlier building of the late 3rd or early 2nd century BC were found under the pressed clay floor of one of the rooms of the “dwelling-house.” These remains included a thin layer of tiles, found just under the pressed clay floor, and poorly preserved building foundations. A tile structure found among these remains was interpreted by the excavator as a family altar concurrent with the earlier structure, but it may in fact have been a storage bin.
- Keyword:
- Hellenistic and Settlement
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological work at Saqanchia started with a discovery of chance finds in 1972. Archaeological research began in 1974 with the excavation of a test trench and the collection of surface materials. Additional small scale survey took place in 2008., Dundua, G. 1973. Sakartveloshi gavrtselebuli alexandre makedonelisa da lisimakes sakhelit motchrili monetebi vanidan. [The coins known from Georgia struck by the names of Alexander the Macedonian and Lysimmachus in Vani.] Matsne [Herald] no. 1, 1973: 51-65., Licheli, V. 1977. Akhalaghmochenili nakalakari saqhanchias velze [The recently found ancient site of the Saqanchia valley]. Vani III. Tbilisi. pp. 52-57, pls. 21-24. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.), Licheli, V. 1981a. Dzveli tseltaghritskhvis III-I saukuneebis shida kolkhetis materialuri kulturis shestsavlisatvis (saqhanchias namosakhlari) [Towards the study of the material culture of Inner Colchis in the 3rd-1st cent. B.C. (Saqanchia settlement)]. Matsne (Istoriis, arkeologiis, etnograpiis da khelovnebis istoriis seria) [Herald of the Academy of Sciences, Series of history, archaeology, ethnography and history of art)], N 2. Tbilisi. pp. 41-51. (In Georgia with a Russian summary.), Licheli, V. T. 1981b. Materialnaya kultura vnutrennei Kolkhidy III-II vv. do n. e. [Material culture of Inner Colchis in the 3rd-2nd cent. B.C.]. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskaniye uchenoi stepeni kandidata istoricheskikh nauk [Synopsis of thesis to defend the scientific degree of candidate of historical sciences]. Tbilisi. 25 pp. (In Russian.), Licheli, V. 1982a. Saqanchias nakalakaris 1976 tsis gatkhrebis shedegebi (Gvianelinisturi sakhlis rekonstruktsia) [Results of excavations of the city site of Saqanchia in 1976 (restoration of a Late Hellenistic building)]. Arkeologiuri dziebani. Akhalgazrda mkvlevarta II da III sametsniero sesiis masalebi [Archaeological investigations. Materials of the 2nd and 3rd scientific sessions of young researchers]. Tbilisi. pp. 31-41. (In Georgian.), Licheli, V. T. 1982b. Torgovo-remeslennoye poseleniye II-II vv. do n. e. vo vnutrennei Kolkhide [A trade and artisan settlement of the 3rd-2nd cent. B.C. in Inner Colchis]. Materialy III Vsesoyuznogo simpoziuma po drevnei istorii Prichernomorya na temu: Ellinizm i Prichernomorye. Tskhaltubo, 21-27. V. 1982 g. Tezisy dokladov i soobshchenii [Materials of the 3rd All-Union symposium on the ancient history of the Black Sea littoral on the theme: “Hellenism and the Black Sea littoral.” Tsqaltubo, 21-27. V. 1982. Abstracts of reports and communications]. Tbilisi. pp. 54-55. (In Russian.), Licheli, V. 1983. Antikuri importi vansa dam is midamoebshi. Saqanchias namosakhlari [Classical import in Vaniand its environs. The Saqanchia settlement]. Vani VII. Tbilisi. pp. 113-125, pls. 50-51. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.), Licheli, V. T. 1985. Torgovo-remeslennoye poseleniye III-I vv. do n. e. vo vnutrennei Kolkhide [A trade and artisan settlement of the 3rd-2nd cent. B.C. in Inner Colchis]. Prichernomorye v epokhu ellinizma. Materialy III Vsesoyuznogo simpoziuma po drevnei istorii Prichernomorya. Tskhaltubo, 1982 [The Black Sea littoral in the Hellenistic times. Materials of the 3rd All-Union symposium on the ancient history of the Black Sea littoral. Tsqaltubo, 1982]. Tbilisi. pp. 468-473. (In Russian with an English summary.) , Licheli, V. 1991. Dzveli Vani. Sameurneo ubani [Ancient Vani. Industrial district]. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with summaries in Russian and English.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.). (Archaeological Map of the Vani Land, 8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD). Tsardgenilia Doqt’oris Ak’ademiuri Khariskhis Mosap’oveblad. Saqartvelos T’eqnik’uri Universit’et’i. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqt’emberi. p. 20. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- B019 ( https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/data/concern/generic_works/c534fp131?locale=en) and A series of cornfields on the southeast slopes of a hill in the region of Saprasia known as Jijouri was investigated for pottery, but the high corn made visibility very low. Pottery was collected along the northeast side of a hill south of Inashauri at approximately 340 masl, including Classical period pithos fragments. Once in Inashauri, pottery sherds of local fabric were discovered in a small tomato patch (”Lower Saprasia”). A bronze hoe of the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age was found accidentally in 1999 in the region of Saprasia called Jijouri and is now held in the Vani Archaeological Museum (Kharabadze 2008). In this area pottery of the Classical period has also been found.
- Keyword:
- 1st Millennium BCE, Settlement, and Burial
- Citation to related publication:
- A chance find was reported in an area known as Jijouri in 1999. Otherwise no archaeological work has been conducted here. and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- The modern village of Saprasia is situated 20 km southeast of Vani at 400 masl in the valley of the Kvintsqali in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus. It is located in the Vani administrative region. Pottery was collected from a series of hillslopes in the area of Jijouri-Saprasia (A020).
- Keyword:
- Modern Settlement
- Citation to related publication:
- A chance find was reported in an area known as Jijouri in 1999. Otherwise no archaeological work has been conducted here. and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A.
- Description:
- Specimen GSI/GC/DD4 is a posterior portion of the skull (comprising a partial braincase and skull roof), a partial right mandible, and right pterygoid of a snake referred to the species Sanajeh indicus. The specimen was collected from Late Cretaceous-aged sediments near the village of Dholi Dungri, Gujarat, India. The specimen is housed in Geological Survey of India Palaeontology Division, Central Region, Nagpur, India. For assistance with access, please contact Dhananjay Mohabey ( dinomohabey@yahoo.com) or Bandana Samant ( bandanabhu@gmail.com). Casts of this and other elements of Sanajeh are available at the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology.
- Keyword:
- India snake Cretaceous Maastrichtian Gondwana paleontology
- Citation to related publication:
- Wilson, J. A., D. M. Mohabey, S. E. Peters, and J. J. Head 2010. Predation on hatchling dinosaurs by a new snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biology 8: 1–5. and Zaher, H., D. M. Mohabey, F. Grazziotin, and J. A. Wilson Mantilla. 2023. A Cretaceous stem snake with an ossified upper temporal bar and the origin of wide-gape feeding. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197:656–697. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac001.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A.
- Description:
- Specimen GSI/GC/2903 is the 'cranial block' of the holotype of Sanajeh indicus. This scan contains part of GSI/GC/2903, the mandible, which includes a well-preserved dentary. The specimen was collected from Late Cretaceous-aged sediments near the village of Dholi Dungri, Gujarat, India. The specimen is housed in Geological Survey of India Palaeontology Division, Central Region, Nagpur, India. For assistance with access, please contact Dhananjay Mohabey ( dinomohabey@yahoo.com) or Bandana Samant ( bandanabhu@gmail.com). Casts of this and other elements of Sanajeh are available at the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology.
- Keyword:
- India snake Cretaceous Maastrichtian Gondwana paleontology
- Citation to related publication:
- Wilson, J. A., D. M. Mohabey, S. E. Peters, and J. J. Head 2010. Predation on hatchling dinosaurs by a new snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biology 8: 1–5. and Zaher, H., D. M. Mohabey, F. Grazziotin, and J. A. Wilson Mantilla. 2023. A Cretaceous stem snake with an ossified upper temporal bar and the origin of wide-gape feeding. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197:656–697. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac001.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A.
- Description:
- Specimen GSI/GC/2903 is the 'cranial block' of the holotype of Sanajeh indicus. The scan includes part of GSI/GC/2903, including the nearly complete braincase (a partial parietal and frontal, prootics, otooccipitals, supraoccipital, supratemporal, basioccipital, and parabasisphenoid). The specimen was collected from Late Cretaceous-aged sediments near the village of Dholi Dungri, Gujarat, India. The specimen is housed in Geological Survey of India Palaeontology Division, Central Region, Nagpur, India. For assistance with access, please contact Dhananjay Mohabey ( dinomohabey@yahoo.com) or Bandana Samant ( bandanabhu@gmail.com). Casts of this and other elements of Sanajeh are available at the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology. The specimen was collected under the auspices of a Joint Collaborative Programme through a Memorandum of Understanding involving the Geological Survey of India (Government of India, Ministry of Mines) and the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology.
- Keyword:
- India snake Cretaceous Maastrichtian Gondwana paleontology
- Citation to related publication:
- Wilson, J. A., D. M. Mohabey, S. E. Peters, and J. J. Head 2010. Predation on hatchling dinosaurs by a new snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biology 8: 1–5. and Zaher, H., D. M. Mohabey, F. Grazziotin, and J. A. Wilson Mantilla. 2023. A Cretaceous stem snake with an ossified upper temporal bar and the origin of wide-gape feeding. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197:656–697. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac001.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- Just east of the hill crossed by the Baku-Supsa pipeline (A009) runs a minor tributary of the Phasis River (oriented northwest-southeast). The small village of Nigorzghva (A018) lies approximately 2 km up this stream, southeast of Sajavakho (A016). Two points of interest were recorded near Nigorzghva: a modern quarry with ancient pottery (A011) and a reported pithos burial (A012).
- Keyword:
- Modern Settlement
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological research in the area around Sajavakho began with limited excavations in 1896. In 1958 a survey carried out by the Kutaisi State Historical-Ethnographical Museum identified pithos graves at Sajavakho., 1898. “Otcheti arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1896 god [Reports of the archaeological committee for 1896].” Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Report of the Archaeological Committee]. St. Petersburg. p. 109. (In Russian.) [OAK for 1896], 1971. Chronicles. Herald of Kutaisi Historical-Ethnographical Museum. Vol. 2. p. 135-136. (In Georgian.), Jikia, L. 1971. Antikuri khanis masalebi kutaisis muzeumshi. Kiemm, II. pp. 23., Noneshvili, A. I. 1992. Pogrebalnie obryady narodov Zakavkazya [Burial Rites of Trans-Caucasian Peoples]. Tbilisi. p. 52. (In Russian.), Charkviani, M. 2005. eqvtime taqaishvilis mier aghmochenili antikuri khanis arkeologiuri dzeglebi [Archaeological Monuments of Classical Time Found by Eqvtime Taqaishvili]. Iberia-Kolkheti 2: 76-84. p. 77. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 34. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- A local informant living in Nigorzghva named Besarion Garibaldidi showed us the location of a pithos burial atop a hillock northwest of the modern quarry in the same area (A011). He also brought from his house a ceramic vessel, which seemed not to be ancient.
- Keyword:
- 1st Millennium BCE and Burial
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological research in the area around Sajavakho began with limited excavations in 1896. In 1958 a survey carried out by the Kutaisi State Historical-Ethnographical Museum identified pithos graves at Sajavakho., 1898. “Otcheti arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1896 god [Reports of the archaeological committee for 1896].” Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Report of the Archaeological Committee]. St. Petersburg. p. 109. (In Russian.) [OAK for 1896], 1971. Chronicles. Herald of Kutaisi Historical-Ethnographical Museum. Vol. 2. p. 135-136. (In Georgian.), Jikia, L. 1971. Antikuri khanis masalebi kutaisis muzeumshi. Kiemm, II. pp. 23., Noneshvili, A. I. 1992. Pogrebalnie obryady narodov Zakavkazya [Burial Rites of Trans-Caucasian Peoples]. Tbilisi. p. 52. (In Russian.), Charkviani, M. 2005. eqvtime taqaishvilis mier aghmochenili antikuri khanis arkeologiuri dzeglebi [Archaeological Monuments of Classical Time Found by Eqvtime Taqaishvili]. Iberia-Kolkheti 2: 76-84. p. 77. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 34. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- Just east of the hill crossed by the Baku-Supsa pipeline (A009) runs a minor tributary of the Phasis River (oriented northwest-southeast). The small village of Nigorzghva (A018) lies approximately 2 km up this stream. Just before Nigorzghva, on the right (northeast) bank of the stream, lies a modern gravel quarry. East of the quarry, we found 1st millennium B.C. Colchian coarseware and Mediaeval pottery fragments, likely washed down from the hillside above.
- Keyword:
- 1st Millennium BCE, Settlement, and Mediaeval
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological research in the area around Sajavakho began with limited excavations in 1896. In 1958 a survey carried out by the Kutaisi State Historical-Ethnographical Museum identified pithos graves at Sajavakho., 1898. “Otcheti arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1896 god [Reports of the archaeological committee for 1896].” Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Report of the Archaeological Committee]. St. Petersburg. p. 109. (In Russian.) [OAK for 1896], 1971. Chronicles. Herald of Kutaisi Historical-Ethnographical Museum. Vol. 2. p. 135-136. (In Georgian.), Jikia, L. 1971. Antikuri khanis masalebi kutaisis muzeumshi. Kiemm, II. pp. 23., Noneshvili, A. I. 1992. Pogrebalnie obryady narodov Zakavkazya [Burial Rites of Trans-Caucasian Peoples]. Tbilisi. p. 52. (In Russian.), Charkviani, M. 2005. eqvtime taqaishvilis mier aghmochenili antikuri khanis arkeologiuri dzeglebi [Archaeological Monuments of Classical Time Found by Eqvtime Taqaishvili]. Iberia-Kolkheti 2: 76-84. p. 77. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 34. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- The modern village of Sajavakho lies 18 km west of Vani on the main east-west road south of the Phasis River, where the level river plain meets the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus. It is located in the Samtredia administrative district. The area of Sajavakho includes: the modern town; the hills around the town; a portion of the river plain between the main road and the Phasis River, near the confluence of the Phasis and Tskhenistsqali Rivers, locally known as “Port”; and a subordinate village called Nigorzghva southeast of Sajavakho (A018). In the hills southeast of the town, we identified the following points of interest: a sherd scatter on a hillside transversed by the Baku-Supsa pipeline (A009), and another sherd scatter on a cornfield located across a small stream at the base of this hill (A010). We observed no archaeological remains in the agricultural fields that blanket the area of the flat river plain north of Sajavakho called Port. Two points of interest were recorded southeast of Sajavakho along a small stream and parallel road near the modern hamlet of Nigorzghva (A018): a sherd scatter around a modern gravel quarry (A011) and a reported pithos burial (A012).
- Keyword:
- Modern Settlement
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological research in the area around Sajavakho began with limited excavations in 1896. In 1958 a survey carried out by the Kutaisi State Historical-Ethnographical Museum identified pithos graves at Sajavakho., 1898. “Otcheti arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1896 god [Reports of the archaeological committee for 1896].” Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Report of the Archaeological Committee]. St. Petersburg. p. 109. (In Russian.) [OAK for 1896], 1971. Chronicles. Herald of Kutaisi Historical-Ethnographical Museum. Vol. 2. p. 135-136. (In Georgian.), Jikia, L. 1971. Antikuri khanis masalebi kutaisis muzeumshi. Kiemm, II. pp. 23., Noneshvili, A. I. 1992. Pogrebalnie obryady narodov Zakavkazya [Burial Rites of Trans-Caucasian Peoples]. Tbilisi. p. 52. (In Russian.), Charkviani, M. 2005. eqvtime taqaishvilis mier aghmochenili antikuri khanis arkeologiuri dzeglebi [Archaeological Monuments of Classical Time Found by Eqvtime Taqaishvili]. Iberia-Kolkheti 2: 76-84. p. 77. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 34. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- The south side of the hill crossed by the Baku-Supsa pipeline (A009) slopes down toward a stream (east of the pipeline). Across the stream lies a cornfield in which a great deal of pottery is visible on the surface. The pottery is mostly Mediaeval but includes some possibly Hellenistic pithos fragments. The photo in this record shows the stream near the cornfield.
- Keyword:
- Hellenistic, Settlement, and Mediaeval
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological research in the area around Sajavakho began with limited excavations in 1896. In 1958 a survey carried out by the Kutaisi State Historical-Ethnographical Museum identified pithos graves at Sajavakho., 1898. “Otcheti arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1896 god [Reports of the archaeological committee for 1896].” Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Report of the Archaeological Committee]. St. Petersburg. p. 109. (In Russian.) [OAK for 1896], 1971. Chronicles. Herald of Kutaisi Historical-Ethnographical Museum. Vol. 2. p. 135-136. (In Georgian.), Jikia, L. 1971. Antikuri khanis masalebi kutaisis muzeumshi. Kiemm, II. pp. 23., Noneshvili, A. I. 1992. Pogrebalnie obryady narodov Zakavkazya [Burial Rites of Trans-Caucasian Peoples]. Tbilisi. p. 52. (In Russian.), Charkviani, M. 2005. eqvtime taqaishvilis mier aghmochenili antikuri khanis arkeologiuri dzeglebi [Archaeological Monuments of Classical Time Found by Eqvtime Taqaishvili]. Iberia-Kolkheti 2: 76-84. p. 77. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 34. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- Southeast of the modern town of Savajakho rises a hill over which runs the Baku Supsa pipeline. Where the pipeline runs along the northeast section of this hill, the vegetation has been cleared. Erosion of this cleared area has revealed pottery fragments, possibly classical, and fragments of burnt mud plaster.
- Keyword:
- Classical and Settlement
- Citation to related publication:
- Archaeological research in the area around Sajavakho began with limited excavations in 1896. In 1958 a survey carried out by the Kutaisi State Historical-Ethnographical Museum identified pithos graves at Sajavakho., 1898. “Otcheti arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1896 god [Reports of the archaeological committee for 1896].” Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Report of the Archaeological Committee]. St. Petersburg. p. 109. (In Russian.) [OAK for 1896], 1971. Chronicles. Herald of Kutaisi Historical-Ethnographical Museum. Vol. 2. p. 135-136. (In Georgian.), Jikia, L. 1971. Antikuri khanis masalebi kutaisis muzeumshi. Kiemm, II. pp. 23., Noneshvili, A. I. 1992. Pogrebalnie obryady narodov Zakavkazya [Burial Rites of Trans-Caucasian Peoples]. Tbilisi. p. 52. (In Russian.), Charkviani, M. 2005. eqvtime taqaishvilis mier aghmochenili antikuri khanis arkeologiuri dzeglebi [Archaeological Monuments of Classical Time Found by Eqvtime Taqaishvili]. Iberia-Kolkheti 2: 76-84. p. 77. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 34. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities