In a sensitive cochlea, the basilar membrane response to transient excitation of any kind--normal acoustic or artificial intracochlear excitation--consists of not only a primary impulse but also a coda of delayed secondary responses with varying amplitudes but similar spectral content around the characteristic frequency of the measurement location. The coda, sometimes referred to as echoes or ringing, has been described as a form of local, short term memory which may influence the ability of the auditory system to detect gaps in an acoustic stimulus such as speech. Depending on the individual cochlea, the temporal gap between the primary impulse and the following coda ranges from once to thrice the group delay of the primary impulse (the group delay of the primary impulse is on the order of a few hundred microseconds). The coda is physiologically vulnerable, disappearing when the cochlea is compromised even slightly. The multicomponent sensitive response is not yet completely understood. We use a physiologically-based, mathematical model to investigate (i) the generation of the primary impulse response and the dependence of the group delay on the various stimulation methods, (ii) the effect of spatial perturbations in the properties of mechanically sensitive ion channels on the generation and separation of delayed secondary responses. The model suggests that the presence of the secondary responses depends on the wavenumber content of a perturbation and the activity level of the cochlea. In addition, the model shows that the varying temporal gaps between adjacent coda seen in experiments depend on the individual profiles of perturbations. Implications for non-invasive cochlear diagnosis are also discussed.
This is the bacterial DNA data extracted from the gram stain slides. The targeted bacteria genera and species include: Atopobium spp., bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium (BVAB) types 1, 2 and 3 in the order Clostridiales, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Group B Streptococcus, Lactobacillus spp., Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. We also used a primer set for Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) that includes lactic acid producing bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella. We calculated the relative proportion of each bacterial taxon using the bacterial copies measured by each specific bacteria primer divided by the total bacterial copies. The limit of detection was 100 copies and readings lower than the limit were considered negative
Citation to related publication:
Wen A, Srinivasan U, Goldberg D, Owen J, Marrs CF, Misra D, Wing DA, Ponnaluri S, Miles-Jay A, Bucholz B, Abbas K, Foxman B. Selected vaginal bacteria and risk of preterm birth: an ecological perspective. J Infect Dis. 2014 Apr 1;209(7):1087-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit632. Epub 2013 Nov 22. PMID: 24273044; PMCID: PMC3952673. and Foxman B, Wen A, Srinivasan U, Goldberg D, Marrs CF, Owen J, Wing DA, Misra D. Mycoplasma, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria BVAB3, race, and risk of preterm birth in a high-risk cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Mar;210(3):226.e1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Oct 4. PMID: 24096128; PMCID: PMC3943817.
Introduction: Diagnostic testing is common in the emergency department. The value of some testing is questionable. The purpose of this study was to assess how varying levels of benefit, risk, and costs influenced an individual’s desire to have diagnostic testing.
Methods: A survey through Amazon Mechanical Turk presented hypothetical clinical situations: low risk chest pain and minor traumatic brain injury. Each scenario included three given variables (benefit, risk, and cost), that was independently randomly varied over four possible values (0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10% for benefit and risk and $0, $100, $500, and $1000 for the individual’s personal cost for receiving the test). Benefit was defined as the probability of finding the target disease (traumatic intracranial hemorrhage or acute coronary syndrome).
Results: A total of 1000 unique respondents completed the survey. Increasing benefit from 0.1% to 10%, the percent of respondents who accepted a diagnostic test went from 28.4% to 53.1%. [OR: 3.42 (2.57-4.54)] As risk increased from 0.1% to 10%, this number decreased from 52.5% to 28.5%. [OR: 0.33 (0.25-0.44)] Increasing cost from $0 to $1000 had the greatest change of those accepting the test from 61.1% to 21.4%, respectively. [OR: 0.15 (0.11-0.2)]
Conclusions: The desire for testing was strongly sensitive to the benefits, risks and costs. Many participants wanted a test when there was no added cost, regardless of benefit or risk levels, but far fewer elected to receive the test as cost increased incrementally. This suggests that out of pocket costs may deter patients from undergoing diagnostic testing with low potential benefit.
The Social Environment refers to characteristics of the people and institutions in a census tract, including: 1)
Religious organizations (churches and places of worship); and 2) Voter turnout for the 2012 Presidential Election. Coverage for all data: 10-county Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor Combined Statistical Area.
Active living resources include spaces and organizations that facilitate physical activity, including 1) park land, 2) recreation areas (including parks, golf courses, amusement parks, beaches and other recreational landmarks); and 3) recreation centers (including gyms, dancing instruction, martial arts instruction, bowling centers, yoga instruction, sports clubs, fitness programs, golf course, pilates instruction, personal trainers, swimming pools, skating rinks, etc.)
Coverage for all data: 10-county Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor Combined Statistical Area.
The food environment is: 1) The physical presence of food that affects a person’s diet; 2) A person’s proximity to food store locations; 3) The distribution of food stores, food service, and any physical entity by which food may be obtained; or 4) A connected system that allows access to food. (Source: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/healthtopics/healthyfood/general.htm) Data included here concern: 1) Food access; and 2) Liquor access. Spatial Coverage for most data: 10-county Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor Combined Statistical Area, Michigan, USA. See exception for grocery store data below.
The rapid activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) by growth factors is increased by extracellular amino acids through yet-undefined mechanisms of amino acid transfer into endolysosomes. Because the endocytic process of macropinocytosis concentrates extracellular solutes into endolysosomes and is increased in cells stimulated by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, we analyzed its role in amino acid–dependent activation of mTORC1. Here, we show that growth factor-dependent activation of mTORC1 by amino acids, but not glucose, requires macropinocytosis. In murine bone marrow–derived macrophages and murine embryonic fibroblasts stimulated with their cognate growth factors or with phorbol myristate acetate, activation of mTORC1 required an Akt-independent vesicular pathway of amino acid delivery into endolysosomes, mediated by the actin cytoskeleton. Macropinocytosis delivered small, fluorescent fluid-phase solutes into endolysosomes sufficiently fast to explain growth factor–mediated signaling by amino acids. Therefore, the amino acid–laden macropinosome is an essential and discrete unit of growth factor receptor signaling to mTORC1
The information and education environment refers to: 1) the presence of information infrastructures such as broadband Internet access and public libraries in a location; 2) a person’s proximity to information infrastructures and sources; 3) the distribution of information infrastructures, sources and in a specific location; and 4) exposure to specific messages (information content) within a specific location.
Coverage for all data: 10-county Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor Combined Statistical Area.
Contained within is a subset of the larger dataset collected in La Paz, Bolivia in 2014. This data contains the analytic dataset (cross-sectional/descriptive) that includs the PACIC, Morisky, PHQ8, AUDIT, and a subset of socidemographic characteristics for NCD patients in La Paz.
The dataset represents the complete search strategies for all literature databases searched during the systematic review. The Endnote and Excel files of all citations considered for inclusion in the review are also included.
The dataset represents the complete search strategies for all literature databases searched during the systematic review. The Endnote library that contains all citations is also included.
The dataset includes the reproducible search strategies for all literature databases searched during the review, the key articles used to generate relevant search terms and test the effectiveness of the searches, the Endnote library that has all citations considered for inclusion, a flow chart describing the screening process, and the screening forms used for inclusion and exclusion.
Bennett K, Berlin N, MacEachern MP, Buchman S, Vercler C. (2018). The ethical and professional use of social media in surgery - A systematic review of the literature. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 142(3), 388e-398e. PMID: 30148789. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000004692
The dataset represents the complete, reproducible search strategies for all literature databases searched during the systematic review. The Endnote file and the Endnote import files contain all citations considered for inclusion in the review.
Smothers, Zachary MBS; Reynolds, Victoria PharmD; McEachern, Mark MLIS; Derouin, Anne L. DNP, RN, CPNP, FAANP; Carter, Brigit M. PhD, RN, CCRN; Muzyk, Andrew PharmD Substance Use Education in Schools of Nursing, Nurse Educator: May/June 2018 - Volume 43 - Issue 3 - p 136-139. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000449 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28858952
This dataset includes census tract-level data concerning housing in Metropolitan Detroit. The data includes: 1) Total housing units and total mortgages in the tract; 2) Land use; 3) Real estate information (foreclosures, sales transactions, and home values); 4) Vacant housing; 5) Housing age and available facilities; 6) Housing condition; and 7) Spatial measures of subsidized housing in the tract.
Data coverage should say 2006 to 2015.