Search Constraints
Number of results to display per page
View results as:
Search Results
-
- Creator:
- Zalmout, Iyad S, Sanders, William J, MacLatchy, Laura M, Gunnell, Gregg F, Al-Mufarreh, Yahya A, Ali, Mohammad A, Nasser, Abdul-Azziz H, Al-Masari, Abdu M, Al-Sobhi, Salih A, Nadhra, Ayman O, Matari, Adel H, Wilson, Jeffrey A, and Gingerich, Philip D
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for the partial cranium of the holotype specimen of Saadanius hijazensis in DICOM format. Data supporting the publication: New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09094 Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, Saudi Arabia, CT, Primate, Oligocene, Hominoidea, Cercopithecoidea, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, and UMMP
- Citation to related publication:
- Zalmout, I., Sanders, W., MacLatchy, L. et al. New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys. Nature 466, 360–364 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09094, A cast of this specimen is held by the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology (UMMP) under catalog number 14200., and 3D surface model viewable on UMORF site : https://umorf.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/wp/specimen-data/?Model_ID=1408
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Holmes, Iris A, Monagan Jr., Ivan V, Westphal, Michael F, and Davis Rabosky, Alison R
- Description:
- We generated these data from desert night lizards, Xantusia vigilis, from populations in central California. We performed phylogeographic analyses based on these data.
- Keyword:
- ddRADseq, phylogeography, Xantusia vigilis, lizard, and genome-scale sequencing
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Jiao, Zhenbang, Chen, Yang, and Manchester, Ward
- Description:
- GOES_flare_list: contains a list of more than 12,013 flare events. The list has 6 columns, flare classification, active region number, date, start time end time, emission peak time. SHARP_data.hdf5 files contain time series of 20 physical variables derived from the SDO/HMI SHARP data files. These data are saved at a 12 minute cadence and are used to train the LSTM model.
- Keyword:
- Solar Flare Prediction and Machine Learning
- Citation to related publication:
- Jiao, Z., Sun, H., Wang, X., Manchester, W., Gombosi, T., Hero, A., & Chen, Y. (2020). Solar Flare Intensity Prediction With Machine Learning Models. Space Weather, 18(7), e2020SW002440. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002440 and Chen, Y., & Manchester, W. (2019). Data and Data products for machine learning applied to solar flares [Data set], University of Michigan - Deep Blue. https://doi.org/10.7302/qnsq-cs38
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Science
-
- Creator:
- Kim, YoungJae, Marcano, Maria C., Kim, Sooyeon, and Becker, Udo
- Description:
- The main objective of this research is to integrate electrochemical and microscopic approaches to understand reaction mechanisms and pathways of the uranyl reduction and nucleation mediated by magnetite and ilmenite. and This experimental data reveal how natural iron minerals mediate redox reactions of redox sensitive elements. We measure electrochemical responses of dissolved uranyl ions (UO22+) to potentials in the presence of organic molecules. The atomic force microscopic (AFM) images show nucleation of reduced uranyl on ilmenite (FeTiO3) as a function of potential.
- Keyword:
- electrochemical AFM and uranium reduction
- Citation to related publication:
- Kim, Y., Marcano, M. C., Kim, S., & Becker, U. (2021). Reduction of uranyl and uranyl-organic complexes mediated by magnetite and ilmenite: A combined electrochemical AFM and DFT study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 293, 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.10.016 and Walker S. M., Marcano M. C., Bender W. M. and Becker U. (2016) Imaging the reduction of chromium (VI) on magnetite surfaces using in situ electrochemical AFM. Chemical Geology 429, 60-74.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ayumi Fujisaki-Manome
- Description:
- Precipitation impacts on ice cover and water temperature in the Laurentian Great Lakes were examined using state-of-art coupled ice-hydrodynamic models. Numerical experiments were conducted for the recent anomalously cold (2014-2015) and warm (2015-2016) winters that were accompanied by high and low ice coverage over the lakes, respectively. The results of numerical experiments showed that, snow cover on the ice, which is the manifestation of winter precipitation, reduced the total ice volume (or mean ice thickness) in all of the Great Lakes, shortened the ice duration, and allowed earlier warming of water surface. The reduced ice volume was due to the thermal insulation of snow cover. The surface albedo was also increased by snow cover, but its impact on the delay the melting of ice was overcome by the thermal insulation effect. During major snowstorms, snowfall over the open lake caused notable cooling of the water surface due to latent heat absorption. Overall, the sensible heat flux from rain in spring and summer was found to have negligible impacts on the water surface temperature. Although uncertainties remain in over-lake precipitation estimates and model’s representation of snow on the ice, this study demonstrated that winter precipitation, particularly snowfall on the ice and water surfaces, is an important contributing factor in Great Lakes ice production and thermal conditions from late fall to spring.
- Keyword:
- Great Lakes, lake ice, numerical modeling, and precipitation
- Citation to related publication:
- Fujisaki-Manome, A., Anderson, E. J., Kessler, J. A., Chu, P. Y., Wang, J., & Gronewold, A. D. (2020). Simulating Impacts of Precipitation on Ice Cover and Surface Water Temperature Across Large Lakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125(5), e2019JC015950. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015950
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Wozniak, Matthew C. and Dos Santos, Thiago
- Description:
- Data and Code are divided into separate folders. Data is given for all simulations of all 3 models included in manuscript, as well as the FLUXNET data processed into monthly NetCDF files.
- Citation to related publication:
- Wozniak, M. C., Bonan, G. B., Keppel-Aleks, G., & Steiner, A. L. (2020). Influence of Vertical Heterogeneities in the Canopy Microenvironment on Interannual Variability of Carbon Uptake in Temperate Deciduous Forests. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(8), e2020JG005658. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005658
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Regoli, Leonardo H.
- Description:
- The research analyzed the response of nine PNI RM3100 magnetometers to radiation doses expected during a Europa lander mission. The radiation levels are drawn from the Europa Lander Science Definition Team report ( https://europa.nasa.gov/resources/58/europa-lander-study-2016-report). The sensors were tested up to a total ionization dose (TID) level of 500 kRad.
- Keyword:
- Magnetometer, Magneto-inductive, Europa, and Radiation
- Citation to related publication:
- Regoli, L. H., Moldwin, M. B., Raines, C., Nordheim, T. A., Miller, C. A., Carts, M., and Pozzi, S. A.: Radiation tolerance of the PNI RM3100 magnetometer for a Europa lander mission, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 499–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-499-2020, 2020.
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Mukhopadhyay, Agnit, Daniel T Welling, Michael W Liemohn, Aaron J Ridley, Shibaji Chakrabarty, and Brian J Anderson
- Description:
- An updated auroral conductance module is built for global models, using nonlinear regression & empirical adjustments to span extreme events., Expanded dataset raises the ceiling of conductance values, impacting the ionospheric potential dB/dt & dB predictions during extreme events., and Application of the expanded model with empirical adjustments refines the conductance pattern, and improves dB/dt predictions significantly.
- Keyword:
- Space Weather Forecasting, Extreme Weather, Ionosphere, Magnetosphere, MI Coupling, Ionospheric Conductance, Auroral Conductance, Aurora, SWMF, SWPC, Nonlinear Regression, and dB/dt
- Citation to related publication:
- Mukhopadhyay, A., Welling, D. T., Liemohn, M. W., Ridley, A. J., Chakraborty, S., & Anderson, B. J. (2020). Conductance Model for Extreme Events: Impact of Auroral Conductance on Space Weather Forecasts. Space Weather, 18(11), e2020SW002551. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002551
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Science
-
- Creator:
- Zhou, Hongyang
- Description:
- The largest moon in the solar system, Ganymede, is the only moon known to possess a strong intrinsic magnetic field and a corresponding magnetosphere. Using the latest version of Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), we study the upstream plasma interactions and dynamics in this sub-Alfvenic system. Results from the Hall MHD and the coupled MHD with embedded Particle-in-Cell (MHD-EPIC) models are compared. We find that under steady upstream conditions, magnetopause reconnection occurs in a non-steady manner. Flux ropes of Ganymede's radius in length form on the magnetopause at a rate about 2/minute and create spatiotemporal variations in plasma and field properties. Upon reaching proper grid resolutions, the MHD-EPIC model can resolve both electron and ion kinetics at the magnetopause and show localized non-gyrotropic behavior inside the diffusion region. The estimated global reconnection rate from the models is about 80 kV with 60% efficiency, and there is weak evidence of about 1 minute periodicity in the temporal variations due to the dynamic reconnection process.
- Keyword:
- MHD, PIC, Ganymede, and magnetosphere
- Citation to related publication:
- Zhou, H., Tóth, G., Jia, X., & Chen, Y. (2020). Reconnection-Driven Dynamics at Ganymede’s Upstream Magnetosphere: 3-D Global Hall MHD and MHD-EPIC Simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125(8), e2020JA028162. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028162
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Chen, Yuxi
- Description:
- We use the MHD with embedded particle-in-cell model (MHD-EPIC) to study the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) dayside kinetic processes challenge event at 01:50-03:00 UT on 2015-11-18, when the magnetosphere was driven by a steady southward IMF. In the MHD-EPIC simulation, the dayside magnetopause is covered by a PIC code so that the dayside reconnection is properly handled. We compare the magnetic fields and the plasma profiles of the magnetopause crossing with the MMS3 spacecraft observations. Most variables match the observations well in the magnetosphere, in the magnetosheath, and also during the current sheet crossing. The MHD-EPIC simulation produces flux ropes, and we demonstrate that some magnetic field and plasma features observed by the MMS3 spacecraft can be reproduced by a flux rope crossing event. We use an algorithm to automatically identify the reconnection sites from the simulation results. It turns out that there are usually multiple X-lines at the magnetopause. By tracing the locations of the X-lines, we find the typical moving speed of the X-line endpoints is about 70~km/s, which is higher than but still comparable with the ground-based observations.
- Keyword:
- MHD, PIC, and simulation
- Citation to related publication:
- Chen, Y., Tóth, G., Hietala, H., Vines, S. K., Zou, Y., Nishimura, Y., Silveira, M. V. D., Guo, Z., Lin, Y., & Markidis, S. (2020). Magnetohydrodynamic With Embedded Particle-In-Cell Simulation of the Geospace Environment Modeling Dayside Kinetic Processes Challenge Event. Earth and Space Science, 7(11), e2020EA001331. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001331 and Chen, Yuxi, et al. "Magnetohydrodynamic with embedded particle-in-cell simulation of the Geospace Environment Modeling dayside kinetic processes challenge event." arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.04563 (2020). https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04563
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Malhotra, Garima and Ridley, Aaron
- Description:
- This research aims to understand the importance of lower thermospheric atomic oxygen on the upper thermosphere. O number densities between 95-100 km from WACCM-X are much closer to the observations from SABER instrument on TIMED satellite as compared to those from MSIS. We show in this study that the correction of the lower boundary atomic oxygen yields better agreement between GITM and GUVI O/N2 in the upper thermosphere .
- Keyword:
- Lower Thermosphere Atomic Oxygen, Thermospheric Dynamics, Thermospheric composition and mixing, Lower-Upper Thermosphere Vertical Coupling, GITM - WACCMX coupling, and Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model
- Citation to related publication:
- Malhotra, G., Ridley, A. J., Marsh, D. R., Wu, C., Paxton, L. J., & Mlynczak, M. G. (2020). Impacts of Lower Thermospheric Atomic Oxygen on Thermospheric Dynamics and Composition Using the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, e2020JA027877. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027877
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Swiger, Brian M., Liemohn, Michael W., and Ganushkina, Natalia Y.
- Description:
- We sampled the near-Earth plasma sheet using data from the NASA Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms mission. For the observations of the plasma sheet, we used corresponding interplanetary observations using the OMNI database. We used these data to develop a data-driven model that predicts plasma sheet electron flux from upstream solar wind variations. The model output data are included in this work, along with code for analyzing the model performance and producing figures used in the related publication. and Data files are included in hdf5 and Python pickle binary formats; scripts included are set up for use of Python 3 to access and process the pickle binary format data.
- Keyword:
- neural network, plasma sheet, solar wind, machine learning, keV electron flux, deep learning, and space weather
- Citation to related publication:
- Swiger, B. M., Liemohn, M. W., & Ganushkina, N. Y. (2020). Improvement of Plasma Sheet Neural Network Accuracy With Inclusion of Physical Information. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2020.00042
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- James, David A. and Lokam, Nikhil
- Description:
- The object of this project is to provide researchers and students with a tool to allow them to develop an intuitive understanding of singular vectors and singular values. 2x2 matrices A with real entries map circles to ellipses; in particular, unit circles centered at the origin to ellipses centered at the origin. It is known that the points on the ellipse farthest from the origin correspond to the singular vectors of A. Users can use the GUI to enter matrices of their choice and explore to visually self-determine the singular vectors/values.
- Keyword:
- SVD, Singular Value Decomposition, Singular Vector, Singular Value, and Matrix
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
Quantifying near-surface rock strength on a regional scale from hillslope stability models - dataset
- Creator:
- Townsend, Kirk F., Gallen, Sean F., and Clark, Marin K.
- Description:
- These datasets support the findings of Townsend et al. (2020). In this article, we quantify rock strength using two novel applications of hillslope stability models, resulting in estimates of cohesive and frictional strength at the spatial scale of small watersheds. We compare these results against the direct-shear test dataset here for validation of our approach. We find that cohesive strength is dependent on the original burial depth of the sedimentary rocks studied here. The low-temperature thermochronometry data was used to assess the magnitude of burial.
- Keyword:
- Thermochronology, Thermochronometry, Direct-Shear, Landslides, Rock Strength, Landscape Evolution, and Geomorphology
- Citation to related publication:
- Townsend, K.F., Gallen, S.F., & Clark, M.K., in press, Quantifying near-surface rock strength on a regional scale from hillslope stability models: Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JF005665
- Discipline:
- Science
-
Estimates of the water balance of the Laurentian Great Lakes using the Large Lakes Statistical Water Balance Model (L2SWBM)
User Collection- Creator:
- Smith, Joeseph P., Fry, Lauren M., Do, Hong X., and Gronewold, Andrew D.
- Description:
- This collection contains estimates of the water balance of the Laurentian Great Lakes that were produced by the Large Lakes Statistical Water Balance Model (L2SWBM). Each data set has a different configuration and was used as the supplementary for a published peer-reviewed article (see "Citations to related material" section in the metadata of individual data sets). The key variables that were estimated by the L2SWBM are (1) over-lake precipitation, (2) over-lake evaporation, (3) lateral runoff, (4) connecting-channel outflows, (5) diversions, and (6) predictive changes in lake storage. and Contact: Andrew Gronewold Office: 4040 Dana Phone: (734) 764-6286 Email: drewgron@umich.edu
- Keyword:
- Great Lakes water levels, statistical inference, water balance, data assimilation, Great Lakes, Laurentian, Machine learning, Bayesian, and Network
- Citation to related publication:
- Smith, J. P., & Gronewold, A. D. (2017). Development and analysis of a Bayesian water balance model for large lake systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.10161., Gronewold, A. D., Smith, J. P., Read, L., & Crooks, J. L. (2020). Reconciling the water balance of large lake systems. Advances in Water Resources, 103505., and Do, H.X., Smith, J., Fry, L.M., and Gronewold, A.D., Seventy-year long record of monthly water balance estimates for Earth’s largest lake system (under revision)
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
5Works -
- Creator:
- Do, Hong X., Smith, Joeseph P., Fry, Lauren M., and Gronewold, Andrew D.
- Description:
- This data set contains a new monthly estimate of the water balance of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest freshwater system on Earth, from 1950 to 2019. The source codes and inputs to derive the new estimates are also included in this dataset. and ***ADDED 2024-02-27: The component net basins supply data "*NBSC_GLWBData.csv" in "output_ts_posterior.zip" need to be revised for further applications***
- Keyword:
- Laurentian Great Lakes, Bayesian inference, water levels, data assimilation, and water balance
- Citation to related publication:
- Do, H. X., Smith, J. P., Fry, L. M., & Gronewold, A. D. (2020). Seventy-year long record of monthly water balance estimates for Earth’s largest lake system. Scientific Data, 7(1), 276. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00613-z, Gronewold, A. D., Smith, J. P., Read, L., & Crooks, J. L. (2020). Reconciling the water balance of large lake systems. Advances in Water Resources, 103505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103505 , and This version replaces the following deprecated dataset: Do, H.X., Smith, J.P., Fry, L.M., Gronewold, A.D. (2020). Monthly water balance estimates for the Laurentian Great Lakes from 1950 to 2019 [Data set]. University of Michigan - Deep Blue. https://doi.org/10.7302/0rsp-v195
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Boles, Austin H and van der Pluijm, Ben
- Description:
- This data was generated as a chapter in the dissertation of Austin Boles.
- Keyword:
- authigenic illite, hydrogen isotopes, and 40Ar/39Ar isotopic analysis
- Citation to related publication:
- Boles, A., & Pluijm, B. van der. (2020). Locally Derived, Meteoric Fluid Infiltration Was Responsible for Widespread Late Paleozoic Illite Authigenesis in the Appalachian Basin. Tectonics, 39(7), e2020TC006137. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006137
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Crisp, Dakota N., Parent, Rachel, Nakatani, Mitsuyoshi, Murphy, Geoffrey G. , and Stacey, William C.
- Description:
- This data and scripts are meant to test and show that seizure onset dynamics can be modulated using anti-epileptic drugs. A zip file is included that contains all waveform data, MATLAB processing scripts, and metadata. The MATLAB scripts allow for visual review validation and objective feature analysis. The file includes various README files explaining the scripts and their relationships in greater detail.
- Keyword:
- Bifurcation, Epilepsy, Seizure, and Electrophysiology
- Discipline:
- Health Sciences, Engineering, and Science
-
- Creator:
- R. Paul Acosta
- Description:
- In this study, the state-of-the-art isotope-enable global climate model (iCESM1.2) simulations of the middle Miocene and the early Eocene and Cenomanian were used to comprehensively investigate the climate forcing of paleogeography, Andean paleoelevation, global pCO2, and vegetation on the South American continent.
- Keyword:
- South America , Hydroclimate, Water isotope system, and Global climate modeling
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Davis Rabosky, Alison R. and Jantzi, Adrian
- Description:
- Video documentation of natural behavior in wild snakes is very rare, so film from opportunistic encounters of snake interactions is very valuable to scientific researchers. Our research team includes leading experts on this species of snake (the Western Groundsnake, Sonora semiannulata), so we worked with the observer to submit a formal description of the encounter to a peer-reviewed journal and make the information available to the broader research community.
- Keyword:
- Sonora semiannulata, ground snake, animal behavior, and male-male combat
- Citation to related publication:
- Jantzi A, CL Cox, AR Davis Rabosky, AT Holycross. 2021. SONORA SEMIANNULATA (Western Groundsnake). COMBAT. Herpetological Review 52(2): pg 434.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Burger, Laura L , Wagenmaker, Elizabeth R., Phumsatitpong, Chayarndorn , Olson, David P., and Moenter, Suzanne M.
- Description:
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common form of infertility in women. The causes of PCOS are not yet understood and both genetics and early-life exposure have been considered as candidates. With regard to the latter, circulating androgens are elevated in mid-late gestation in women with PCOS, potentially exposing offspring to elevated androgens in utero; daughters of women with PCOS are at increased risk for developing this disorder. Consistent with these clinical observations, prenatal androgenization (PNA) of several species recapitulates many phenotypes observed in PCOS. There is increasing evidence that symptoms associated with PCOS, including elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) (and presumably gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)) pulse frequency emerge during the pubertal transition. We utilized translating ribosomal affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing to examine GnRH neuron mRNAs from prepubertal (3wk) and adult female control and PNA mice. Prominent in GnRH neurons were transcripts associated with protein synthesis and cellular energetics, in particular oxidative phosphorylation. The GnRH neuron transcript profile was affected more by the transition from prepuberty to adulthood than by PNA treatment, however PNA did change the developmental trajectory of GnRH neurons. This included families of transcripts related to both protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, which were more prevalent in adults than in prepubertal mice but were blunted in PNA adults. These findings suggest that prenatal androgen exposure can program alterations in the translatome of GnRH neurons, providing a mechanism independent of changes in the genetic code for altered expression. These are Microsoft Excel Files
- Keyword:
- GnRH Neuron TRAP Seq
- Citation to related publication:
- Unprocessed RNASeq data is available at Gene Expression Omnibus ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds) accession GSE155314.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Yiwen, Mei
- Description:
- The datasets of this archive are produced for a research project on the development of an advanced hydrologic modeling system for the St. Lawrence river basin. The outputted datasets from model simulations are in Netcdf 4 format. The author recommend using the netCDF Operators (NCO) program for data processing. For visualization and plotting, the author recommend using software like MATLAB, Python or R.
- Keyword:
- Hydrologic modeling, reanalysis product, St. Lawrence river, water balance, WRF-Hydro
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Sergio E. Vidal-Luengo and Mark B. Moldwin
- Description:
- Multi-satellite tracking of solar wind dynamic pressure pulse observations through the Earth's magnetosphere enables us to distinguish local changes with propagation signatures.
- Keyword:
- Heliophysics, Magnetosphere, Dynamic pressure pulse, Magnetosphere, THEMIS, MMS, Cluster, SuperMag, and Heliophysics System Observatory
- Citation to related publication:
- Vidal-Luengo, S. E., & Moldwin, M. B. (2021). Global magnetosphere response to solar wind dynamic pressure pulses during northward IMF using the heliophysics system observatory. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028587. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028587
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Brasch, Jonathan M, Elipot, Shane, and Arbic, Brian
- Description:
- For Drifters, HYCOM, MITgcm: Spectra and kinetic energy files. Please see readme.txt for a description of all data and code contained here. and - Compare kinetic energies (KE) of high-resolution global ocean models estimated from rotary spectra to KE in surface drifter observations. - Near-inertial KE is closer to drifter observations in models with frequently updated wind forcing - Internal tide KE is closer to drifter observations in models with topographic wave drag
- Keyword:
- oceanography, rotary spectra, kinetic energy, sea surface velocity, and drifters
- Citation to related publication:
- Elipot, S., Lumpkin, R., Perez, R. C., Lilly, J. M., Early, J. J., & Sykulski, A. M. (2016). A global surface drifter data set at hourly resolution. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121(5), 2937–2966. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011716
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Chatterjee, Tanmay, Knappik, Achim, Sandford, Erin, Tewari, Muneesh, Choi, Sung Won, Strong, William B., Thrush, Evan P., Oh, Kenneth J., Liu, Ning, Walter, Nils G., and Johnson-Buck, Alexander
- Description:
- The sensitive measurement of specific protein biomarkers is important for medical diagnostics and research. However, existing methods for quantifying proteins use antibody probes that cannot distinguish between specific and nonspecific binding, limiting their sensitivity and specificity. This work establishes a method for distinguishing between specific binding to the target protein and nonspecific binding to assay surfaces using single-molecule kinetic measurements with dynamically binding probes. This is significant because it permits extremely sensitive protein measurements without requiring a high-affinity detection antibody or any washing steps, enabling streamlined and sensitive quantification of proteins even when no pair of high-quality, tightly binding antibodies is available.
- Keyword:
- biomarker detection, single molecule fluorescence, kinetic fingerprinting, total internal reflection microscopy, and super resolution microscopy
- Citation to related publication:
- Chatterjee, T., et al. Direct kinetic fingerprinting and digital counting of single protein molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, In Press.
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Sean Sharp
- Description:
- Coastal wetlands intercept significant amounts of nitrogen (N) from watersheds, especially when surrounding land cover is dominated by agriculture and urban development. Through plant uptake, soil immobilization, and denitrification wetlands can remove excess N from flow through water sources and mitigate eutrophication of connected aquatic ecosystems. Excess N can also change plant community composition in wetlands, including communities threatened by invasive species. Understanding how variable hydrology and N loading impact wetland N removal and community composition can help attain desired management outcomes, including optimizing N removal and/or preventing invasion by non-natives. By using a dynamic, process-based ecosystem simulation model, we are able to simulate various levels of hydrology and N loading that would otherwise be difficult to manipulate. We investigate the effects of hydroperiod, hydrologic residence time, N loading, and the NH4+:NO3- ratio on both N removal and the invasion success of two non-native species (Typha x glauca or Phragmites australis) in temperate freshwater coastal wetlands using Mondrian, a process-based, wetland ecosystem simulation model. We found that when residence time increased, annual N removal increased up to 10-fold while longer hydroperiods also increased N removal, but only when residence time was >10 days and N loading was >30 g N m-2 y-1. N removal efficiency also increased with increasing residence time and hydroperiod, but was less affected by N loading. However, longer hydrologic residence time increased vulnerability of wetlands to invasion by both invasive plants at low to medium N loading rates where native communities are typically more resistant to invasion. This suggests a potential tradeoff between ecosystem services related to nitrogen removal and wetland invasibility. These results help elucidate complex interactions of community composition, N loading and hydrology on N removal, helping managers to prioritize N removal when N loading is high or controlling plant invasion in more vulnerable wetlands.
- Keyword:
- Mondrian, Simulation model, Coastal wetlands, Invasive species, and Ecosystem modeling
- Citation to related publication:
- Currie, W. S., Goldberg, D. E., Martina, J., Wildova, R., Farrer, E., & Elgersma, K. J. (2014). Emergence of nutrient-cycling feedbacks related to plant size and invasion success in a wetland community–ecosystem model. Ecological Modelling, 282, 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.010
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Light, Charles X, Arbic, Brian K, Martin, Paige E, Brodeau, Laurent, Farrar, J Thomas, Griffies, Stephen M, Kirtman, Ben P, Laurindo, Lucas, Menemenlis, Dimitris, Molod, Andrea, Nelson, Arin D, Nyadjro, Ebenezer, O'Rourke, Amanda K, Shriver, Jay, Siqueira, Leo, Small, R Justin, and Strobach, Udi
- Description:
- The precipitation data itself is the output of the models/datasets that we analyze in our paper. Most of it is in .nc or .nc4 format, although we provide code to extract the data into time series .mat files. We used MATLAB to perform our analysis.
- Keyword:
- precipitation and power spectra
- Citation to related publication:
- Light, C.X., Arbic, B.K., Martin, P.E., Brodeau, L., Farrar, J.T., Griffies, S.M., Kirtman, B.P., Laurindo, L.C., Menemenlis, D., Molod, A., Nelson, A.D., Nyadjro, E., O'Rourke, A.K., Shriver, J.F., Siqueira, L., Small, R.J., Strobach, E. (2022). Effects of grid spacing on high-frequency precipitation variance in coupled high-resolution global ocean-atmosphere models. Climate Dynamics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06257-6
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Zhang, Yan, Fujian Normal University, Yang, Ping, Fujian Normal University, Tong, Chuan, Fujian Normal University, Zhang, Xinyan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Liu, Xingtu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Zhang, Shaoqing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Meyers, Philip. University of Michigan, and Gao, Chuanyu , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun
- Description:
- A high-resolution study of bulk properties in a peat sequence from the Xinjiang Altai Mountains of northwestern China, has allowed reconstruction of local variations in peat properties and peat C and N accumulation rates (CAR and NAR) during the Holocene. Analyses of peat bulk density, loss on ignition, and concentrations of TOC and TN and their elemental ratios and stable isotopic values suggest that changes in peat-forming vegetation types during different parts of this epoch are the major factors responsible for the variations of peat properties in this sequence.
- Keyword:
- peat properties, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates, and Altai Mountains of northwestern China
- Citation to related publication:
- Zhang, Y., Yang, P., Gao, C., Tong, C., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Zhang, S., & Meyers, P. A. (2020). Peat Properties and Holocene Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation Rates in a Peatland in the Xinjiang Altai Mountains, Northwestern China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(12), e2019JG005615. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005615
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Li, Jieming, Zhang, Leyou, Johnson-Buck, Alexander, and Walter, Nils G.
- Description:
- Traces from single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (SMFM) experiments exhibit photophysical artifacts that typically necessitate human expert screening, which is time-consuming and introduces potential for user-dependent expectation bias. Here, we have used deep learning to develop a rapid, automatic SMFM trace selector, termed AutoSiM, that improves the sensitivity and specificity of an assay for a DNA point mutation based on single-molecule recognition through equilibrium Poisson sampling (SiMREPS). The improved performance of AutoSiM is based on accepting both more true positives and fewer false positives than the conventional approach of hidden Markov modeling (HMM) followed by thresholding. As a second application, the selector was used for automated screening of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) data to identify high-quality traces for further analysis, and achieves ~90% concordance with manual selection while requiring less processing time. AutoSiM can be adapted readily to novel datasets, requiring only modest Transfer Learning.
- Keyword:
- deep learning, single-molecule fluorescence, total internal reflection microscopy, SiMREPS, smFRET, and Forster resonance energy transfer
- Citation to related publication:
- Li, J., Zhang, L., Johnson-Buck, A., & Walter, N. G. (2020). Automatic classification and segmentation of single-molecule fluorescence time traces with deep learning. Nature Communications, 11(1), 5833. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19673-1 and Hayward, S., Lund, P., Kang, Q., Johnson-Buck, A., Tewari, M., Walter, N. (2018). Single-molecule microscopy image data and analysis files for "Ultra-specific and Amplification-free Quantification of Mutant DNA by Single-molecule Kinetic Fingerprinting" [Data set]. University of Michigan - Deep Blue. https://doi.org/10.7302/Z2CZ35DF
- Discipline:
- Science
-
Dataset: Models generated for the bioinformatic analysis of MPER/protein fusions binding to antibody
- Creator:
- Bylund, Tatsiana, Chuang, Gwo-Yu, Kwong, Peter, Lai, Yen-Ting, McIlwain, Benjamin, and Stockbridge, Randy B.
- Description:
- This project evaluated the binding of antibody fragments to membrane proteins fused to a short epitope sequence (“MPER”). This dataset includes atomic coordinates (.pdb files) for bioinformatic models of antibody fragment binding to an MPER epitope – membrane protein fusion.
- Keyword:
- MPER, cryo-EM fiducial, crystallography chaperone, and small membrane protein
- Citation to related publication:
- McIlwain, B. C., Erwin, A. L., Davis, A. R., Ben Koff, B., Chang, L., Bylund, T., Chuang, G.-Y., Kwong, P. D., Ohi, M. D., Lai, Y.-T., & Stockbridge, R. B. (2021). N-terminal Transmembrane-Helix Epitope Tag for X-ray Crystallography and Electron Microscopy of Small Membrane Proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology, 166909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166909
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Attari, Ali
- Description:
- Please refer to the "README.txt" for more details., MATLAB R2018a (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) was used to process this data., and Excel (Microsoft Office) was used to store survey data on the comfort of both systems and also to provide absolute and relative intraobserver variablities for the DM device.
- Keyword:
- Digital Manometry
- Citation to related publication:
- Comparison of anorectal function measured using wearable digital manometry and a high resolution manometry system Attari A, Chey WD, Baker JR, Ashton-Miller JA (2020) Comparison of anorectal function measured using wearable digital manometry and a high resolution manometry system. PLOS ONE 15(9): e0228761. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228761
- Discipline:
- Engineering, Science, and Health Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Arbic, Brian K. and Schindelegger, Michael
- Description:
- These netcdf and Matlab files contain the information needed to reproduce Figures 1, 4, 8, 17, 18, 9-16 (minus the proxy values and Monte Carlo results), and the "24 hour" results of Figures 2 and 3.
- Keyword:
- Lunar orbit and tides
- Citation to related publication:
- Daher, H., Arbic, B. K., Williams, J. G., Ansong, J. K., Boggs, D. H., Müller, M., et al. (2021). Long-term Earth-Moon evolution with high-level orbit and ocean tide models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126, e2021JE006875. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE006875
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset is composed of eight flat-mounted (dissected and fixed) retinae from juvenile and adult zebrafish. Rows of UV cones have been traced in each retina; additionally, we have identified locations of Y-junctions (row insertions). Also included is MATLAB code for calculating which Y-junctions belong to grain boundaries. Please see the readme file for a description of included codes and image files.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, topological defects, tissue patterning, and grain boundaries
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset contains images of dissected and fixed retinae in which cones of specific subtypes are labeled either by transgenic expression of a fluorescent reporter or by antibody staining (Figures 1 and 2 and 6A and Supplementary Figure 7A). This dataset also contains images of dissected and fixed retinae in ZO1 is immunostained (Figure 6C-E and Supplementary Figure 7B). Please see the readme file for which files correspond to which figures.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, topological defects, and tissue patterning
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset contains images of UV cone nuclei (labelled by transgenic expression of a photoconvertible fluorescent protein) near the retinal margin in live fish. The most important images in the dataset are the following: 1. Images (at 4X magnification) of UV cones immediately after photoconversion of a patch near the retinal margin 2. Images (at 4X magnification) of UV cones 2-4 days after photoconversion of a patch near the retinal margin Also, included is code for calculating triangulations (which connect UV cone nuclei which are nearest neighbors). This code allows us to check for motion of UV cones relative to each other between the time of photoconversion and subsequent imaging.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, topological defects, tissue patterning, grain boundaries, photoconversion, and defect motion
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset contains images of UV cone nuclei near the retinal margin in live fish. These UV cones express a transgenic fluorescent reporter (that is nuclear-localized and photoconvertible). The most important images in this dataset are: Zoomed-out (1X magnification) images immediately after photoconversion Zoomed-out (1X magnification) images two to four days after photoconversion In the images immediately after photoconversion, we check if the row orientation rotates by more than a certain amount (10 degrees, 12 degrees, 14 degrees, etc.) at the retinal margin. If so, we call the region coinciding with this domain rotation an existing grain boundary. We, then, check where new Y-junctions are incorporated (by the time of later imaging) to see if they are preferentially incorporated near existing grain boundaries.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, topological defects, tissue patterning, grain boundaries, and photoconversion
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- The most important part of this deposit is the code necessary for simulating the anisotropic phase-field crystal on a cone geometry. The second most important is the code for analyzing the simulation results, including the spatial distribution of Y-junctions in the simulated retinae. Included are simulation results in which we systematically scan both the undercooling parameters and the strength of noise in the initial conditions. Finally, we include an additional simulation example (as in Figure 7D). Please see readme file for description of main (MATLAB) functions used for simulating and analyzing simulations.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, topological defects, grain boundaries, and phase-field crystal model
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Mark Flanner
- Description:
- This dataset includes spectrally-resolved optical properties for volcanic ash particles from the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruptions. These properties were used in the climate simulations described by Flanner et al. (2014, doi:10.1002/2014JD021977) to quantify ash radiative forcing from the eruptions.
- Keyword:
- ash, volcano, aerosols, Eyjafjallajökull, climate, and radiative transfer
- Citation to related publication:
- Flanner, M.G., Gardner, A.S., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., & Perket, J. (2014). Aerosol radiative forcing from the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021977
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset includes an example cell packing (containing ~20,000 cells). This example cell packing is the same cell packing in Supplementary Figure 11. The Corson_PBC_Square_Sweep_func.m is the main function for simulating lateral inhibition on this (and other) example packings. Please see readme for which simulation parameters may be tuned within this lateral inhibition function.
- Keyword:
- tissue patterning, lateral inhibition, and topological defect
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 , Corson F, Couturier L, Rouault H, Mazouni K, Schweisguth F. Self-organized Notch dynamics generate stereotyped sensory organ patterns in Drosophila. Science. 2017 May 5;356(6337):eaai7407. doi: 10.1126/science.aai7407. Epub 2017 Apr 6. PMID: 28386027., and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- This dataset contains images of UV cone nuclei near the retinal margin in live zebrafish. These UV cone nuclei are labelled by transgenic expression of a fluorescent reporter (that is photoconvertible). The most important data are: 1. The zoomed-in (4X magnification) images of UV cone nuclei immediately after photoconversion 2. The zoomed-in (4X magnification) images of UV cone nuclei 2-4 days after photoconversion Also included is code for segmenting UV cone nuclei (both in image from immediately after photoconversion and in image from days later) and for shifting and rotating the two images to maximally align corresponding UV cone nuclei. After aligning corresponding UV cones, we compute triangulations over UV cone nuclei positions (for both images) and identify bonds that are common to both images. We use these common bonds to calculate the lattice vectors for the UV cone lattice.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, tissue patterning, lattice vectors, and photoconversion
- Citation to related publication:
- Nunley, H., Nagashima, M., Martin, K., Gonzalez, A. L., Suzuki, S. C., Norton, D. A., Wong, R. O. L., Raymond, P. A., & Lubensky, D. K. (2020). Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008437 and Hayden Nunley, Mikiko Nagashima, Kamirah Martin, Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez, Sachihiro C. Suzuki, Declan Norton, Rachel O. L. Wong, Pamela A. Raymond, David K. Lubensky. Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest mechanism of cone mosaic formation. bioRxiv 806679; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/806679
- Discipline:
- Science
-
Defect patterns on the curved surface of fish retinae suggest a mechanism of cone mosaic formation
User Collection- Creator:
- Nunley, Hayden, Nagashima, Mikiko, Martin, Kamirah, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Alcides, Suzuki, Sachihiro C., Norton, Declan A., Wong, Rachel O. L., Raymond, Pamela A., and Lubensky, David K.
- Description:
- The outer epithelial layer of zebrafish retinae contains a crystalline array of cone photoreceptors, called the cone mosaic. As this mosaic grows by mitotic addition of new photoreceptors at the rim of the hemispheric retina, topological defects, called “Y-Junctions”, form to maintain approximately constant cell spacing. The generation of topological defects due to growth on a curved surface is a distinct feature of the cone mosaic not seen in other well-studied biological patterns like the R8 photoreceptor array in the _ Drosophila compound eye. Since defects can provide insight into cell-cell interactions responsible for pattern formation, here we characterize the arrangement of cones in individual Y-Junction cores (see Set of images for Figures 1 and 2 and 6 and Supplementary Figure 7) as well as the spatial distribution of Y-junctions across entire retinae (see Dataset for analyzing spatial distribution of Y-junctions in flat-mounted retinae). We find that for individual Y-junctions, the distribution of cones near the core corresponds closely to structures observed in physical crystals (see Set of images for Figures 1 and 2 and 6 and Supplementary Figure 7). In addition, Y-Junctions are organized into lines, called grain boundaries, from the retinal center to the periphery (see Dataset for analyzing spatial distribution of Y-junctions in flat-mounted retinae and Dataset for measuring tendency of Y-junctions to line up into grain boundaries during incorporation into retinae). In physical crystals, regardless of the initial distribution of defects, defects can coalesce into grain boundaries via the mobility of individual particles. By imaging in live fish, we demonstrate that grain boundaries in the cone mosaic instead appear during initial mosaic formation, without requiring defect motion (see Dataset for measuring tendency of Y-junctions to line up into grain boundaries during incorporation into retinae and Dataset for analyzing Y-junction motion in live fish retinae). Motivated by this observation, we show that a computational model of repulsive cell-cell interactions generates a mosaic with grain boundaries (see Code and example simulations of phase-field crystal model (for cone mosaic formation)). In contrast to paradigmatic models of fate specification in mostly motionless cell packings (see Code and accompanying input data for simulating lateral inhibition on motionless cell packing), this finding emphasizes the role of cell motion, guided by cell-cell interactions during differentiation, in forming biological crystals. Such a route to the formation of regular patterns may be especially valuable in situations, like growth on a curved surface, where the resulting long-ranged, elastic, effective interactions between defects can help to group them into grain boundaries.
- Keyword:
- zebrafish cone mosaic, lattice vectors, topological defects, tissue patterning, grain boundaries, lateral inhibition, photoconversion, phase-field crystal model, and defect motion
- Discipline:
- Science
7Works -
- Creator:
- Bougher, S. W. (University of Michigan) and Brecht, A. S. (NASA Ames Research Center)
- Description:
- This work examines the planetary wave-induced variability within the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere of Venus by utilizing the Venus Thermospheric General Circulation Model (VTGCM). Rossby and Kelvin wave perturbations are driven by variations in the geopotential height of the VTGCM lower boundary (~70 km). A suite of simulations was conducted to examine the impact of the individual and combined waves propagating from two different lower boundary conditions (uniform and varying). The Kelvin wave is the more dominant wave which produces the most variability, as was shown in Hoshino et al., 2012. The combination of the Kelvin and Rossby waves provides a maximum temperature amplitude of 13 K at 92 km and maximum zonal wind amplitude of 23 m/s at 102 km. The combined waves overall are able to propagate up to 125 km. Most of the variation within the temperature, winds, and composition occurs between 70 km and 110 km. The varying lower boundary increases the magnitude of the wave deposition but weakly changes the propagation altitude. The thermal variation due to the planetary waves does not reproduce most observed variations. The simulated O2 IR nightglow emission is sensitive to the waves with respect to intensity and local time, but lacks latitudinal variation. The integrated intensity ranges from 1.2 MR to 1.65 MR and the local time ranges from 0.33 local time to 23.6 local time. Overall, planetary waves do affect the atmospheric structure, but there are still observed large variations that planetary waves alone cannot explain (i.e. thermal structure).
- Keyword:
- Venus, planetary waves, upper mesophere, lower thermosphere, and O2 nightglow
- Citation to related publication:
- Brecht, A. S., Bougher, S. W., Shields, D., & Liu, H.-L. (2021). Planetary-scale wave impacts on the Venusian upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126, e2020JE006587. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006587
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right distal tibia of Cantius mckennai (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81821), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Zhang, Yizhen
- Description:
- We collected hours of functional magnetic resonance imaging data from human subjects listening to natural stories. We developed a predictive model of the voxel-wise response and further applied it to thousands of new words to understand how the brain stores and connects different concepts. and This is a dataset for the paper: Zhang, Y., Han, K., Worth, R., & Liu, Z. (2020). Connecting concepts in the brain by mapping cortical representations of semantic relations. Nature communications, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15804-w. This project is also documented at https://osf.io/eq2ba/.
- Keyword:
- fMRI, natural story comprehension, neural encoding, semantic processing, word relations, and naturalistic stimuli
- Citation to related publication:
- Zhang, Y., Han, K., Worth, R., & Liu, Z. (2020). Connecting concepts in the brain by mapping cortical representations of semantic relations. Nature communications, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15804-w
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right proximal metatarsal 1 of the Cantius trigonodus (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81822), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right cuboid of Cantius mckennai (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81823), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right calcaneum of Cantius mckennai (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81821), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right astragalar [astragalus] body of Cantius mckennai (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81827), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right navicular of Cantius mckennai (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81831), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and CTEES
- Description:
- Reconstructed CT slices for a right medial cuneiform (entocuneiform) of Cantius mckennai (University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology catalog number UMMP VP 81820), as a series of TIFF images. Raw projections are not included in this dataset.
- Keyword:
- Paleontology, Fossil, CT, Primates, Notharctidae, UMMP, University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Eocene, and CTEES
- Discipline:
- Science